回答网友一个文件监控的问题

起因

网友说：他有个需求是监控一个目录的文件，当文件内容发送变化时，自动处理文件，把文件内的数据同步到另外一个系统中，他目前使用的是Timer 进行判断。

俺的回答

俺推荐了 FileSystemWatcher 。FileSystemWatcher 文件系统监控功能，可以实时监听指定目录下的文件创建、修改、删除和重命名事件。相比Timer轮询方式更方便高效，支持设置NotifyFilter过滤条件，并包含子目录监控。使用时只需初始化监控路径，绑定对应事件处理程序即可实现文件变更时的自动处理功能。具体事件如下：

NotifyFilter = NotifyFilters.Attributes

| NotifyFilters.CreationTime

| NotifyFilters.DirectoryName

| NotifyFilters.FileName

| NotifyFilters.LastAccess

| NotifyFilters.LastWrite

| NotifyFilters.Security

| NotifyFilters.Size;

其实这个功能 俺第一次使用是在 delphi6上，25年前吧。大部分语音其实都自动了这个功能，只是名字不一样。delphi中叫做 TShellChangeNotifier 

type
  TForm1 = class(TForm)
    procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
  private
    FNotifier: TShellChangeNotifier;
  public
    { Public declarations }
  end;
 
var
  Form1: TForm1;
 
procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
  FNotifier := TShellChangeNotifier.Create(nil);
  FNotifier.OnChange := procedure(Sender: TObject)
    begin
      // 处理文件系统变化事件
      MessageBox(0, '文件系统已更改', '通知', MB_OK);
    end;
end;

例子

我们先定义一个类 DirectoryWatcher

using System;
using System.IO;

public class DirectoryMonitor : IDisposable
{
    private readonly FileSystemWatcher _watcher;
    
    public event EventHandler<FileSystemEventArgs> FileCreated;
    public event EventHandler<FileSystemEventArgs> FileChanged;
    public event EventHandler<FileSystemEventArgs> FileDeleted;
    public event EventHandler<RenamedEventArgs> FileRenamed;

    public DirectoryMonitor(string path, string filter = "*.*")
    {
        _watcher = new FileSystemWatcher(path, filter)
        {
            NotifyFilter = NotifyFilters.FileName | 
                         NotifyFilters.DirectoryName |
                         NotifyFilters.LastWrite |
                         NotifyFilters.Size,
            IncludeSubdirectories = true
        };
        
        _watcher.Created += (s, e) => FileCreated?.Invoke(this, e);
        _watcher.Changed += (s, e) => FileChanged?.Invoke(this, e);
        _watcher.Deleted += (s, e) => FileDeleted?.Invoke(this, e);
        _watcher.Renamed += (s, e) => FileRenamed?.Invoke(this, e);
        
        _watcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true;
    }

    public void Dispose() => _watcher?.Dispose();
}

然后我们使用这个类

 Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        const string watchPath = @"C:\WatchFolder";
        
        using var monitor = new DirectoryMonitor(watchPath);
        
        monitor.FileCreated += (s, e) => 
            Console.WriteLine($"[创建] {DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss} {e.FullPath}");
            
        monitor.FileChanged += (s, e) => 
            Console.WriteLine($"[修改] {DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss} {e.FullPath}");
            
        monitor.FileDeleted += (s, e) => 
            Console.WriteLine($"[删除] {DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss} {e.FullPath}");
            
        monitor.FileRenamed += (s, e) => 
            Console.WriteLine($"[重命名] {DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss} {e.OldFullPath} -> {e.FullPath}");

        Console.WriteLine($"正在监控 {watchPath}...");
        Console.WriteLine("按任意键退出");
        Console.ReadKey();
    }
}