grade配置构建

Gradle 设置文件

settings.gradle文件位于项目根目录，用于指示 Gradle 在构建应用时应将哪些模块包括在内。对大多数项目而言，该文件很简单，只包括以下内容

include ‘:app’

不过，多模块项目需要指定应包括在最终构建之中的每个模块。

顶级构建文件

顶级 build.gradle 文件位于项目根目录，用于定义适用于项目中所有模块的构建配置。默认情况下，这个顶级构建文件使用 buildscript {} 代码块来定义项目中所有模块共用的 Gradle 存储区和依赖项。以下代码示例描述的默认设置和 DSL 元素可在新建项目后的顶级 build.gradle 文件中找到。

/**
 * The buildscript {} block is where you configure the repositories and
 * dependencies for Gradle itself--meaning, you should not include dependencies
 * for your modules here. For example, this block includes the Android plugin for
 * Gradle as a dependency because it provides the additional instructions Gradle
 * needs to build Android app modules.
 */

buildscript {

    /**
     * The repositories {} block configures the repositories Gradle uses to
     * search or download the dependencies. Gradle pre-configures support for remote
     * repositories such as JCenter, Maven Central, and Ivy. You can also use local
     * repositories or define your own remote repositories. The code below defines
     * JCenter as the repository Gradle should use to look for its dependencies.
     */

    repositories {
        jcenter()
    }

    /**
     * The dependencies {} block configures the dependencies Gradle needs to use
     * to build your project. The following line adds Android Plugin for Gradle
     * version 2.3.2 as a classpath dependency.
     */

    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:2.3.2'
    }
}

/**
 * The allprojects {} block is where you configure the repositories and
 * dependencies used by all modules in your project, such as third-party plugins
 * or libraries. Dependencies that are not required by all the modules in the
 * project should be configured in module-level build.gradle files. For new
 * projects, Android Studio configures JCenter as the default repository, but it
 * does not configure any dependencies.
 */

allprojects {
   repositories {
       jcenter()
   }
}

模块级构建文件

模块级 build.gradle 文件位于每个 <project>/<module>/ 目录，用于配置适用于其所在模块的构建设置。您可以通过配置这些构建设置来提供自定义打包选项（例如附加构建类型和产品风味），以及替换 main/ 应用清单或顶级 build.gradle 文件中的设置。

以下这个示例 Android 应用模块 build.gradle 文件概述了您应该了解的部分基本 DSL 元素和设置。

/**
 * The first line in the build configuration applies the Android plugin for
 * Gradle to this build and makes the android {} block available to specify
 * Android-specific build options.
 */

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

/**
 * The android {} block is where you configure all your Android-specific
 * build options.
 */

android {

  /**
   * compileSdkVersion specifies the Android API level Gradle should use to
   * compile your app. This means your app can use the API features included in
   * this API level and lower.
   *
   * buildToolsVersion specifies the version of the SDK build tools, command-line
   * utilities, and compiler that Gradle should use to build your app. You need to
   * download the build tools using the SDK Manager.
   */

  compileSdkVersion 25
  buildToolsVersion "25.0.3"

  /**
   * The defaultConfig {} block encapsulates default settings and entries for all
   * build variants, and can override some attributes in main/AndroidManifest.xml
   * dynamically from the build system. You can configure product flavors to override
   * these values for different versions of your app.
   */

  defaultConfig {

    /**
     * applicationId uniquely identifies the package for publishing.
     * However, your source code should still reference the package name
     * defined by the package attribute in the main/AndroidManifest.xml file.
     */

    applicationId 'com.example.myapp'

    // Defines the minimum API level required to run the app.
    minSdkVersion 15

    // Specifies the API level used to test the app.
    targetSdkVersion 25

    // Defines the version number of your app.
    versionCode 1

    // Defines a user-friendly version name for your app.
    versionName "1.0"
  }

  /**
   * The buildTypes {} block is where you can configure multiple build types.
   * By default, the build system defines two build types: debug and release. The
   * debug build type is not explicitly shown in the default build configuration,
   * but it includes debugging tools and is signed with the debug key. The release
   * build type applies Proguard settings and is not signed by default.
   */

  buildTypes {

    /**
     * By default, Android Studio configures the release build type to enable code
     * shrinking, using minifyEnabled, and specifies the Proguard settings file.
     */

    release {
        minifyEnabled true // Enables code shrinking for the release build type.
        proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
    }
  }

  /**
   * The productFlavors {} block is where you can configure multiple product
   * flavors. This allows you to create different versions of your app that can
   * override defaultConfig {} with their own settings. Product flavors are
   * optional, and the build system does not create them by default. This example
   * creates a free and paid product flavor. Each product flavor then specifies
   * its own application ID, so that they can exist on the Google Play Store, or
   * an Android device, simultaneously.
   */

  productFlavors {
    free {
      applicationId 'com.example.myapp.free'
    }

    paid {
      applicationId 'com.example.myapp.paid'
    }
  }

  /**
   * The splits {} block is where you can configure different APK builds that
   * each contain only code and resources for a supported screen density or
   * ABI. You'll also need to configure your build so that each APK has a
   * different versionCode.
   */

  splits {
    // Screen density split settings
    density {

      // Enable or disable the density split mechanism
      enable false

      // Exclude these densities from splits
      exclude "ldpi", "tvdpi", "xxxhdpi", "400dpi", "560dpi"
    }
  }
}

/**
 * The dependencies {} block in the module-level build configuration file
 * only specifies dependencies required to build the module itself.
 */

dependencies {
    compile project(":lib")
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:25.3.1'
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
}

Gradle 属性文件

Gradle 还包括两个属性文件，位于项目根目录，可用于指定适用于 Gradle 构建工具包本身的设置：

gradle.properties

您可以在其中配置项目范围 Gradle 设置，例如 Gradle 后台进程的最大堆大小。如需了解详细信息，请参阅构建环境。

local.properties

为构建系统配置本地环境属性，例如 SDK 安装路径。由于该文件的内容由 Android Studio 自动生成并且专用于本地开发者环境，因此您不应手动修改该文件，或将其纳入您的版本控制系统。

将项目与 Gradle 文件同步

当您在项目中对构建配置文件进行更改时，Android Studio 会要求您同步项目文件，以便其导入您的构建配置更改并执行一些检查来确保您的配置不会造成构建错误。

要同步项目文件，您可以点击做出更改后出现的通知栏中的 Sync Now（如图 3 所示），或者点击菜单栏中的 Sync Project 。如果 Android Studio 通知配置出现错误，例如：您的源代码使用了只有在 compileSdkVersion 以上的 API 级别中才会提供的 API 功能，会显示 Messages 窗口，具体描述该问题。