前言
提示：用户信息登录案例，包含了Web阶段的基础内容和一些常规操作。其中有相对简单的用户登录功能、用户添加功能、用户删除功能和用户修改功能，也包含了相对复杂的删除选中功能、分页功能和复杂条件查询功能。
基础信息
技术栈
Servlet+Jsp+MySQL+JDBCTempleat+Duird+BeanUtils+tomcat
所用jar包
整体框架
在编码时使用了三层架构
1.表现层(UL)：又称为表示层，位于三层架构的最上层，与用户直接接触。
2.业务逻辑层(service层)：表现层和数据访问层之间的桥梁。实现业务逻辑。业务逻辑具体包含：验证、计算、业务规则等等。
3.数据访问层(dao层)：一些简单的数据库增删改查操作。
功能实现
简单功能
1.用户登录功能
login.jsp代码：
<body>
<div class="container" style="width: 400px;">
<h3 style="text-align: center;">管理员登录</h3>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/loginServlet" method="post">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="user">用户名：</label>
<input type="text" name="username" class="form-control" id="user" placeholder="请输入用户名"/>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="password">密码：</label>
<input type="password" name="password" class="form-control" id="password" placeholder="请输入密码"/>
</div>
<div class="form-inline">
<label for="vcode">验证码：</label>
<input type="text" name="verifycode" class="form-control" id="verifycode" placeholder="请输入验证码" style="width: 120px;"/>
<a href="javascript:refreshCode()"><img src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/checkCodeServlet" title="看不清点击刷新" id="vcode"/></a>
</div>
<hr/>
<div class="form-group" style="text-align: center;">
<input class="btn btn btn-primary" type="submit" value="登录">
</div>
</form>
<!-- 出错显示的信息框 -->
<div class="alert alert-warning alert-dismissible" role="alert">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" >
<span>×</span></button>
<strong>${login_msg}</strong>
</div>
</div>
</body>
再点击登录后会自动提交到LoginServlet中，LoginServlet代码：
@WebServlet("/loginServlet")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//设置编码格式
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//获取数据
String verifycode = request.getParameter("verifycode");
//校验验证码
Map<String, String[]> map = request.getParameterMap();
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
String checkcode_server = (String) session.getAttribute("CHECKCODE_SERVER");
session.removeAttribute("CHECKCODE_SERVER");
if (!verifycode.equalsIgnoreCase(checkcode_server)){
//验证码不正确
//提示信息
request.setAttribute("login_msg","验证码错误");
//转发回当前页面
request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
return;
}
//封装对象
User user = new User();
try {
BeanUtils.populate(user,map);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//调用Service查询
UserService service = new UserServiceImpl();
User loginUser = service.login(user);
if (loginUser != null){
//登陆成功
//将用户存储到session
session.setAttribute("user",loginUser);
//跳转页面
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/index.jsp");
}else {
//登陆失败
//提示信息
request.setAttribute("login_msg","用户或密码错误");
request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
进入LoginServlet后会首先进行验证码的校验，如果验证码出错，会返回到login.jsp并且提示验证码出错。如果验证码正确，会调用service中的login方法获取user对象。如果用户或密码错误，则user对象为空，会返回到login.jsp并且提示用户或密码出错。正确则会将user存到session中，方便之后使用，并且跳转到下一页面。
dao包代码：
public User login(User loginUser){
try {
String sql = "select * from user where username = ? and password = ?";
User user = template.queryForObject(sql,new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class),loginUser.getUsername(),loginUser.getPassword());
return user;
} catch (DataAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
2.用户添加功能
用户添加操作和用户登陆操作相差不大
add.jsp代码：
<body>
<div class="container">
<center><h3>添加联系人页面</h3></center>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/userAddServlet" method="post">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="name">姓名：</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" name="name" placeholder="请输入姓名">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>性别：</label>
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="男" checked="checked"/>男
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="女"/>女
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="age">年龄：</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="age" name="age" placeholder="请输入年龄">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="address">籍贯：</label>
<select name="address" class="form-control" name="address" id="address">
<option value="广东">广东</option>
<option value="广西">广西</option>
<option value="湖南">湖南</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="qq">QQ：</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="qq" id="qq" placeholder="请输入QQ号码"/>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="email">Email：</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="email" id="email" placeholder="请输入邮箱地址"/>
</div>
<div class="form-group" style="text-align: center">
<input class="btn btn-primary" type="submit" value="提交"/>
<input class="btn btn-default" type="reset" value="重置" onclick="location.reload()"/>
<input class="btn btn-default" type="button" value="返回" onclick="javascript:history.go(-1)"/>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</body>
UserAddServlet代码：
@WebServlet("/userAddServlet")
public class UserAddServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//设置编码格式
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//获取参数集合
Map<String, String[]> map = request.getParameterMap();
User user = new User();
//使用BeanUtils封装对象
try {
BeanUtils.populate(user,map);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//调用service方法
UserService service = new UserServiceImpl();
service.addUser(user);
//跳转页面
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/findUserByPageServlet");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
dao包代码
@Override
public void addUser(User user) {
String sql = "insert into user values(null,?,?,?,?,?,?,null,null)";
template.update(sql,user.getName(),user.getGender(),user.getAge(),user.getAddress(),user.getQq(),user.getEmail());
}
3.用户删除功能
用户删除功能也比较简单，只需要关注在jsp页面存储需要删除的用户id即可。
function deleteUser(id) {
if (confirm("您确定要删除吗")){
location.href = "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/userDeleteServlet?id="+id;
}
}
...
<a class="btn btn-default btn-sm" href="javascript:deleteUser(${user.id});">删除</a></td>
UserDeleteServlet代码：
@WebServlet("/userDeleteServlet")
public class UserDeleteServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取id
String id = request.getParameter("id");
//调用service方法
UserService service = new UserServiceImpl();
service.deleteUser(id);
//跳转页面
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/findUserByPageServlet");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
dao包代码：
@Override
public void deleteUser(int id) {
String sql = "delete from user where id = ?";
template.update(sql,id);
}
4.用户修改功能
用户信息修改相较于之前三个功能就要稍微复杂一点，因为它需要完成数据的回显。如图是功能的主要实现流程
UserFindServlet代码：
@WebServlet("/userFindServlet")
public class UserFindServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取id
String id = request.getParameter("id");
//调用service方法
UserService service = new UserServiceImpl();
User user = service.checkUserById(id);
//将user存储到request域
request.setAttribute("user",user);
//转发到update.jsp
request.getRequestDispatcher("/update.jsp").forward(request,response);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
update.jsp代码：
<body>
<div class="container" style="width: 400px;">
<h3 style="text-align: center;">修改联系人</h3>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/userUpdateServlet" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="id" value="${user.id}">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="name">姓名：</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" value="${user.name}" name="name" readonly="readonly" placeholder="请输入姓名" />
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>性别：</label>
<c:if test="${user.gender == '男'}">
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="男" checked/>男
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="女" />女
</c:if>
<c:if test="${user.gender == '女'}">
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="男" />男
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="女" checked/>女
</c:if>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="age">年龄：</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="age" value="${user.age}" name="age" placeholder="请输入年龄" />
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="address">籍贯：</label>
<select name="address" class="form-control" name="address" id="address">
<c:if test="${user.address == '广东'}">
<option value="广东" selected>广东</option>
<option value="广西">广西</option>
<option value="湖南">湖南</option>
</c:if>
<c:if test="${user.address == '广西'}">
<option value="广东" >广东</option>
<option value="广西" selected>广西</option>
<option value="湖南">湖南</option>
</c:if>
<c:if test="${user.address == '湖南'}">
<option value="广东" >广东</option>
<option value="广西">广西</option>
<option value="湖南" selected>湖南</option>
</c:if>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="qq">QQ：</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" value="${user.qq}" name="qq" id="qq" placeholder="请输入QQ号码"/>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="email">Email：</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" value="${user.email}" name="email" id="email" placeholder="请输入邮箱地址"/>
</div>
<div class="form-group" style="text-align: center">
<input class="btn btn-primary" type="submit" value="提交" />
<input class="btn btn-default" type="reset" value="重置" onclick="location.reload()"/>
<input class="btn btn-default" type="button" value="返回" onclick="javascript:history.go(-1)"/>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</body>
UserUpdateServlet代码：
@WebServlet("/userUpdateServlet")
public class UserUpdateServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//编写编码
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//获取map集合
Map<String, String[]> map = request.getParameterMap();
User user = new User();
//封装对象
try {
BeanUtils.populate(user,map);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//调用Service方法
UserService service = new UserServiceImpl();
service.updateUser(user);
//跳转到查询所有的Servlet
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/findUserByPageServlet");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
dao包代码：
@Override
public User checkUserById(int id) {
String sql = "select * from user where id = ?";
User user = template.queryForObject(sql,new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class),id);
return user;
}
@Override
public void updateUser(User user) {
String sql = "update user set name = ? ,gender = ? ,age = ? ,address = ? ,qq = ? ,email = ? where id = ? ";
template.update(sql,user.getName(),user.getGender(),user.getAge(),user.getAddress()
,user.getQq(),user.getEmail(),user.getId());
}
复杂功能
1.删除选中功能
如字面意思所说，可以选中多条数据一次性删除。这个功能在相比于其他复杂功能也是稍微简单，下面是主要实现流程：
<script>
window.onload = function () {
document.getElementById("delSelected").onclick = function () {
if (confirm("您确定要删除所选嘛？")){
var flag = false
var cbs = document.getElementsByName("uid");
for (var i = 0 ;i<cbs.length;i++){
if (cbs[i].checked){
flag = true;
break;
}
}
if (flag){
document.getElementById("form").submit();
}
}
}
document.getElementById("firstCb").onclick = function () {
var cbs = document.getElementsByName("uid");
for (var i = 0 ;i<cbs.length;i++){
cbs[i].checked = this.checked;
}
}
}
</script>
<%--使用form表单包裹table表格进行提交--%>
<form id="form" action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/delSelectedServlet" method="post">
<table border="1" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
<tr class="success">
<th><input type="checkbox" id="firstCb"></th>
<th>编号</th>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>性别</th>
<th>年龄</th>
<th>籍贯</th>
<th>QQ</th>
<th>邮箱</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
<c:forEach items="${pb.list}" var="user" varStatus="s">
<tr>
<td><input type="checkbox" name="uid" value="${user.id}"></td>
<td>${s.count}</td>
<td>${user.name}</td>
<td>${user.gender}</td>
<td>${user.age}</td>
<td>${user.address}</td>
<td>${user.qq}</td>
<td>${user.email}</td>
<td><a class="btn btn-default btn-sm" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/userFindServlet?id=${user.id}">修改</a>
<a class="btn btn-default btn-sm" href="javascript:deleteUser(${user.id});">删除</a></td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
</form>
DelSelectedServlet代码：
@WebServlet("/delSelectedServlet")
public class DelSelectedServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取所有id
String[] ids = request.getParameterValues("uid");
//调用service方法
UserService service = new UserServiceImpl();
service.deleteUsers(ids);
//跳转页面
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/findUserByPageServlet");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
service代码(重复调用之前所写的删除单个用户的方法)：
@Override
public void deleteUsers(String[] ids) {
for (String id : ids){
dao.deleteUser(Integer.parseInt(id));
}
}
2.分页查询功能
在我们读取数据库中的数据时，往往会因为数据量过大无法在一个页面中完整显示，这时就需要用到分页操作，可以使界面更加简洁又条理。下面是主要实现流程：
首先，我们先要创建PageBean实体类存放数据
public class PageBean<T> {
private int totalCount;//总记录数
private int totalPage;//总页码
private List<T> list;//每页数据
private int currentPage;//当前页码
private int rows;//每页记录数
...
}
接着是jsp中的分页符
<div>
<nav aria-label="Page navigation">
<ul class="pagination">
<c:if test="${pb.currentPage == 1}">
<li class="disabled">
</c:if>
<c:if test="${pb.currentPage != 1}">
<li>
</c:if>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/findUserByPageServlet?currentPage=${pb.currentPage - 1}&rows=5&name=${condition.name[0]}&address=${condition.address[0]}&email=${condition.email[0]}" aria-label="Previous">
<span aria-hidden="true">«</span>
</a>
</li>
<c:forEach begin="1" end="${pb.totalPage}" var="i">
<c:if test="${pb.currentPage == i}">
<li class="active">
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/findUserByPageServlet?currentPage=${i}&rows=5&name=${condition.name[0]}&address=${condition.address[0]}&email=${condition.email[0]}">
${i}
</a>
</li>
</c:if>
<c:if test="${pb.currentPage != i}">
<li >
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/findUserByPageServlet?currentPage=${i}&rows=5&name=${condition.name[0]}&address=${condition.address[0]}&email=${condition.email[0]}">
${i}
</a>
</li>
</c:if>
</c:forEach>
<c:if test="${pb.currentPage >= pb.totalPage}">
<li class="disabled">
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/findUserByPageServlet?currentPage=${pb.totalPage}&rows=5&name=${condition.name[0]}&address=${condition.address[0]}&email=${condition.email[0]}" aria-label="Next">
<span aria-hidden="true">»</span>
</a>
</li>
</c:if>
<c:if test="${pb.currentPage < pb.totalPage}">
<li >
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/findUserByPageServlet?currentPage=${pb.currentPage + 1}&rows=5&name=${condition.name[0]}&address=${condition.address[0]}&email=${condition.email[0]}" aria-label="Next">
<span aria-hidden="true">»</span>
</a>
</li>
</c:if>
<span style="font-size: 25px;margin-left: 10px">
共${pb.totalCount}条记录，共${pb.totalPage}页
</span>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
FindUserByPageServlet代码：
@WebServlet("/findUserByPageServlet")
public class FindUserByPageServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//获取参数
String currentPage = request.getParameter("currentPage");
String rows = request.getParameter("rows");
if (currentPage == null || "".equals(currentPage)){
currentPage = "1";
}
if (rows == null || "".equals(rows)){
rows = "5";
}
//获取条件查询参数
Map<String, String[]> condition = request.getParameterMap();
//调用service查询
UserService service = new UserServiceImpl();
PageBean<User> pb = service.checkUserByPage(currentPage,rows,condition);
//将PageBean存储在request
request.setAttribute("pb",pb);
request.setAttribute("condition",condition);
//转发页面
request.getRequestDispatcher("/list.jsp").forward(request,response);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
service中代码：
@Override
public PageBean<User> checkUserByPage(String _currentPage, String _rows, Map<String, String[]> condition) {
int currentPage = Integer.parseInt(_currentPage);
int rows = Integer.parseInt(_rows);
if (currentPage <= 0){
currentPage = 1;
}
//创建PageBean对象
PageBean<User> pb = new PageBean<User>();
//设置参数
pb.setCurrentPage(currentPage);
pb.setRows(rows);
//调用dao查询总记录数
int totalCount = dao.CheckTotalCount(condition);
pb.setTotalCount(totalCount);
//调用dao查询list集合
int start = (currentPage - 1)*rows;
List<User> list = dao.CheckByPage(start,rows,condition);
pb.setList(list);
//计算总页数
int totalPage = (totalCount%rows) ==0 ? (totalCount/rows) : (totalCount/rows) +1;
pb.setTotalPage(totalPage);
return pb;
}
dao包中代码：
@Override
//获取总页数
public int CheckTotalCount(Map<String, String[]> condition) {
String sql = "select count(*) from user where 1 = 1 ";
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(sql);
Set<String> keySet = condition.keySet();
List<Object> params = new ArrayList<Object>();
for (String key : keySet){
if (key.equals("currentPage") || key.equals("rows")){
continue;
}
String value = condition.get(key) [0];
if (value != null && !"".equals(value)){
sb.append(" and "+key+" like ? ");
params.add("%"+value+"%");
}
}
return template.queryForObject(sb.toString(),Integer.class,params.toArray());
}
@Override
//根据当前页数获取user集合
public List<User> CheckByPage(int start, int rows, Map<String, String[]> condition) {
String sql = "select * from user where 1 = 1";
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(sql);
Set<String> keySet = condition.keySet();
List<Object> params = new ArrayList<Object>();
for (String key : keySet){
if (key.equals("currentPage") || key.equals("rows")){
continue;
}
String value = condition.get(key) [0];
if (value != null && !"".equals(value)){
sb.append(" and "+key+" like ? ");
params.add("%"+value+"%");
}
}
//添加分页
sb.append(" limit ? , ?");
params.add(start);
params.add(rows);
return template.query(sb.toString() ,new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class),params.toArray());
}
3.模糊查询功能
模糊查询和分页查询功能相差不多同样需要分页，在分页查询的service和dao包操作时已经进行了添加，也就是condition属性。因此，值附上jsp的操作代码：
<div id="left">
<form class="form-inline" action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/findUserByPageServlet" method="post">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputName2">姓名</label>
<input type="text" name="name" value="${condition.name[0]}" class="form-control" id="exampleInputName2" >
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputName3">籍贯</label>
<input type="text" name="address" value="${condition.address[0]}" class="form-control" id="exampleInputName3" >
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputEmail2">邮箱</label>
<input type="email" name="email" value="${condition.email[0]}" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail2" >
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">查询</button>
</form>
</div>
总结
以上的功能都是在web阶段比较基础的存在，但是任何web项目都离不开它们的存在。因此，必须要牢牢掌握
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