P2616 [USACO10JAN]购买饲料II Buying Feed, II(贪心)

题目描述

Farmer John needs to travel to town to pick up K (1 <= K <= 100) pounds of feed. Driving D miles with K pounds of feed in his truck costs D*K cents.

The county feed lot has N (1 <= N <= 100) stores (conveniently numbered 1..N) that sell feed. Each store is located on a segment of the X axis whose length is E (1 <= E <= 350). Store i is at location X_i (0 < X_i < E) on the number line and can sell FJ as much as F_i (1 <= F_i <= 100) pounds of feed at a cost of C_i (1 <= C_i <= 1,000,000) cents per pound. Amazingly, a given point on the X axis might have more than one store.

FJ starts at location 0 on this number line and can drive only in the positive direction, ultimately arriving at location E, with at least K pounds of feed. He can stop at any of the feed stores along the way and buy any amount of feed up to the the store's limit.

What is the minimum amount FJ has

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好的,这是一道经典的单调栈问题。题目描述如下: 有 $n$ 个湖,第 $i$ 个湖有一个高度 $h_i$。现在要在这些湖之间挖一些沟渠,使得相邻的湖之间的高度差不超过 $d$。请问最少需要挖多少个沟渠。 这是一道单调栈的典型应用题。我们可以从左到右遍历湖的高度,同时使用一个单调栈来维护之前所有湖的高度。具体来说,我们维护一个单调递增的栈,栈中存储的是湖的下标。假设当前遍历到第 $i$ 个湖,我们需要在之前的湖中找到一个高度最接近 $h_i$ 且高度不超过 $h_i-d$ 的湖,然后从这个湖到第 $i$ 个湖之间挖一条沟渠。具体的实现可以参考下面的代码: ```c++ #include <cstdio> #include <stack> using namespace std; const int N = 100010; int n, d; int h[N]; stack<int> stk; int main() { scanf("%d%d", &n, &d); for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) scanf("%d", &h[i]); int ans = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { while (!stk.empty() && h[stk.top()] <= h[i] - d) stk.pop(); if (!stk.empty()) ans++; stk.push(i); } printf("%d\n", ans); return 0; } ``` 这里的关键在于,当我们遍历到第 $i$ 个湖时,所有比 $h_i-d$ 小的湖都可以被舍弃,因为它们不可能成为第 $i$ 个湖的前驱。因此,我们可以不断地从栈顶弹出比 $h_i-d$ 小的湖,直到栈顶的湖高度大于 $h_i-d$,然后将 $i$ 入栈。这样,栈中存储的就是当前 $h_i$ 左边所有高度不超过 $h_i-d$ 的湖,栈顶元素就是最靠近 $h_i$ 且高度不超过 $h_i-d$ 的湖。如果栈不为空,说明找到了一个前驱湖,答案加一。

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