java互斥锁和信号量例子

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已于 2023-04-19 12:41:28 修改

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分类专栏： JAVA学习文章标签： java jvm 开发语言

于 2023-04-19 12:35:39 首次发布

原文链接：https://www.mkyong.com/java/java-thread-mutex-and-semaphore-example/

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下面的例子演示了java如何利用互斥锁和信号量限制java多线程并发访问计算机资源的数量。

Semaphore（信号量） – 限制能够并发访问计算机资源的线程数量。例如，最多允许10个线程同时打开一个文件。
Mutex（互斥锁） – 仅允许一个线程访问计算机资源。例如，当一个线程访问一个文件时，任何其他线程都不能在同一时刻访问同一个文件。

一、Semaphore实例

假设一个自助取款室内有4台ATM机，信号量能够确保同一时刻只能有4个人进入到取款室。

package com.mkyong;

import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;

public class SemaphoreTest {

	// max 4 people
	static Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(4);

	static class MyATMThread extends Thread {

		String name = "";

		MyATMThread(String name) {
			this.name = name;
		}

		public void run() {

			try {

				
				System.out.println(name + " : acquiring lock...");
				System.out.println(name + " : available Semaphore permits now: " 
								+ semaphore.availablePermits());
				
				semaphore.acquire();
				System.out.println(name + " : got the permit!");

				try {

					for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

						System.out.println(name + " : is performing operation " + i 
								+ ", available Semaphore permits : "
								+ semaphore.availablePermits());

						// sleep 1 second
						Thread.sleep(1000);

					}

				} finally {

					// calling release() after a successful acquire()
					System.out.println(name + " : releasing lock...");
					semaphore.release();
					System.out.println(name + " : available Semaphore permits now: " 
								+ semaphore.availablePermits());

				}

			} catch (InterruptedException e) {

				e.printStackTrace();

			}

		}

	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		System.out.println("Total available Semaphore permits : " 
				+ semaphore.availablePermits());
	
		MyATMThread t1 = new MyATMThread("A");
		t1.start();

		MyATMThread t2 = new MyATMThread("B");
		t2.start();

		MyATMThread t3 = new MyATMThread("C");
		t3.start();

		MyATMThread t4 = new MyATMThread("D");
		t4.start();

		MyATMThread t5 = new MyATMThread("E");
		t5.start();

		MyATMThread t6 = new MyATMThread("F");
		t6.start();

	}
}

上述代码的输出，每次运行会有差异。但是，添加信号量和释放信号量的流程都大同小异。

Total available Semaphore permits : 4
A : acquiring lock...
D : acquiring lock...
C : acquiring lock...
B : acquiring lock...
B : available Semaphore permits now: 4
C : available Semaphore permits now: 4
E : acquiring lock...
F : acquiring lock...
F : available Semaphore permits now: 2
F : got the permit!
F : is performing operation 1, available Semaphore permits : 1
D : available Semaphore permits now: 4
A : available Semaphore permits now: 4
D : got the permit!
D : is performing operation 1, available Semaphore permits : 0
E : available Semaphore permits now: 2
C : got the permit!
B : got the permit!
C : is performing operation 1, available Semaphore permits : 0
B : is performing operation 1, available Semaphore permits : 0
F : is performing operation 2, available Semaphore permits : 0
D : is performing operation 2, available Semaphore permits : 0
C : is performing operation 2, available Semaphore permits : 0
B : is performing operation 2, available Semaphore permits : 0
F : is performing operation 3, available Semaphore permits : 0
D : is performing operation 3, available Semaphore permits : 0
C : is performing operation 3, available Semaphore permits : 0
B : is performing operation 3, available Semaphore permits : 0
F : is performing operation 4, available Semaphore permits : 0
D : is performing operation 4, available Semaphore permits : 0
C : is performing operation 4, available Semaphore permits : 0
B : is performing operation 4, available Semaphore permits : 0
D : is performing operation 5, available Semaphore permits : 0
F : is performing operation 5, available Semaphore permits : 0
B : is performing operation 5, available Semaphore permits : 0
C : is performing operation 5, available Semaphore permits : 0


D : releasing lock...
F : releasing lock...
D : available Semaphore permits now: 1
A : got the permit!
A : is performing operation 1, available Semaphore permits : 0
F : available Semaphore permits now: 1
E : got the permit!


E : is performing operation 1, available Semaphore permits : 0
B : releasing lock...
B : available Semaphore permits now: 1
C : releasing lock...
C : available Semaphore permits now: 2
A : is performing operation 2, available Semaphore permits : 2
E : is performing operation 2, available Semaphore permits : 2
A : is performing operation 3, available Semaphore permits : 2
E : is performing operation 3, available Semaphore permits : 2
A : is performing operation 4, available Semaphore permits : 2
E : is performing operation 4, available Semaphore permits : 2
A : is performing operation 5, available Semaphore permits : 2
E : is performing operation 5, available Semaphore permits : 2
A : releasing lock...
A : available Semaphore permits now: 3
E : releasing lock...
E : available Semaphore permits now: 4

仔细观察上面的输出，你会看到最大4个人（C、B、F、D）在同一时刻
执行操作，A和E在等待。一旦正在操作的4个人中的任何人释放了信号量，
如D和F释放了信号量，则A和E马上获取到信号量，进行他们得操作。

二、Mutex实例

Mutex 可以看作是一种特殊的信号量，它只允许一个线程访问资源. 就像银行提款室的门上装了一把锁头，同一时刻只允许一个人进入提款，而不管提款室里有多少台ATM提款机。

package com.mkyong;

import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;

public class SemaphoreTest {

	// max 1 people
	static Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(1);

	static class MyLockerThread extends Thread {

		String name = "";

		MyLockerThread(String name) {
			this.name = name;
		}

		public void run() {

			try {

				System.out.println(name + " : acquiring lock...");
				System.out.println(name + " : available Semaphore permits now: " 
								+ semaphore.availablePermits());

				semaphore.acquire();
				System.out.println(name + " : got the permit!");

				try {

					for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

						System.out.println(name + " : is performing operation " + i 
								+ ", available Semaphore permits : "
								+ semaphore.availablePermits());

						// sleep 1 second
						Thread.sleep(1000);

					}

				} finally {

					// calling release() after a successful acquire()
					System.out.println(name + " : releasing lock...");
					semaphore.release();
					System.out.println(name + " : available Semaphore permits now: " 
								+ semaphore.availablePermits());

				}

			} catch (InterruptedException e) {

				e.printStackTrace();

			}

		}

	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		System.out.println("Total available Semaphore permits : " 
				+ semaphore.availablePermits());

		MyLockerThread t1 = new MyLockerThread("A");
		t1.start();

		MyLockerThread t2 = new MyLockerThread("B");
		t2.start();

		MyLockerThread t3 = new MyLockerThread("C");
		t3.start();

		MyLockerThread t4 = new MyLockerThread("D");
		t4.start();

		MyLockerThread t5 = new MyLockerThread("E");
		t5.start();

		MyLockerThread t6 = new MyLockerThread("F");
		t6.start();

	}
}

上述代码的输出，每次运行会有差异。但是，获取锁和释放锁的流程都大同小异。

Total available Semaphore permits : 1
A : acquiring lock...
B : acquiring lock...
A : available Semaphore permits now: 1
C : acquiring lock...
B : available Semaphore permits now: 1
C : available Semaphore permits now: 0
A : got the permit!
D : acquiring lock...
E : acquiring lock...
A : is performing operation 1, available Semaphore permits : 0
E : available Semaphore permits now: 0
D : available Semaphore permits now: 0
F : acquiring lock...
F : available Semaphore permits now: 0
A : is performing operation 2, available Semaphore permits : 0
A : is performing operation 3, available Semaphore permits : 0
A : is performing operation 4, available Semaphore permits : 0
A : is performing operation 5, available Semaphore permits : 0
A : releasing lock...
A : available Semaphore permits now: 1
B : got the permit!
B : is performing operation 1, available Semaphore permits : 0
B : is performing operation 2, available Semaphore permits : 0
B : is performing operation 3, available Semaphore permits : 0
B : is performing operation 4, available Semaphore permits : 0
B : is performing operation 5, available Semaphore permits : 0
B : releasing lock...
B : available Semaphore permits now: 1
C : got the permit!
C : is performing operation 1, available Semaphore permits : 0
C : is performing operation 2, available Semaphore permits : 0
C : is performing operation 3, available Semaphore permits : 0
C : is performing operation 4, available Semaphore permits : 0
C : is performing operation 5, available Semaphore permits : 0
C : releasing lock...
C : available Semaphore permits now: 1
E : got the permit!
E : is performing operation 1, available Semaphore permits : 0
E : is performing operation 2, available Semaphore permits : 0
E : is performing operation 3, available Semaphore permits : 0
E : is performing operation 4, available Semaphore permits : 0
E : is performing operation 5, available Semaphore permits : 0
E : releasing lock...
E : available Semaphore permits now: 1
D : got the permit!
D : is performing operation 1, available Semaphore permits : 0
D : is performing operation 2, available Semaphore permits : 0
D : is performing operation 3, available Semaphore permits : 0
D : is performing operation 4, available Semaphore permits : 0
D : is performing operation 5, available Semaphore permits : 0
D : releasing lock...
D : available Semaphore permits now: 1
F : got the permit!
F : is performing operation 1, available Semaphore permits : 0
F : is performing operation 2, available Semaphore permits : 0
F : is performing operation 3, available Semaphore permits : 0
F : is performing operation 4, available Semaphore permits : 0
F : is performing operation 5, available Semaphore permits : 0
F : releasing lock...
F : available Semaphore permits now: 1