Select网络模型
利用select网络模型可以很好的优化之前写的简单的tcp程序。废话少说,直接步入正题:
typedef struct fd_set {
u_int fd_count; // 有多少个socket
SOCKET fd_array[FD_SETSIZE]; // 客户端socket数组,FD_SETSIZE为64
} fd_set;
参数解释:
fd_count 是含有的socket个数,SOCKET fd_array[FD_SETSIZE]是含有的客户端数组,最大值为64个。当我们调用accept来获取客户端的连接之后,会调用FD_SET这个宏,它实际上是会将我们的客户那个socket保存到fd_array这个数组里边去,因为这个数组最大为64个,所以最多只能有64个客户端进行连接。
关于客户端Select模型的使用:
int select(
int nfds, //已经忽略了
fd_set FAR *readfds, //可读fd_set的地址
fd_set FAR *writefds, //可写fd_set地址
fd_set FAR *exceptfds, //异常错误fd_set地址
const struct timeval FAR *timeout //timeval结构
);
这个函数会检查fd_array这个数组里边所有的socket是否有信号到来,如果有就成功返回,否则会阻塞在这里,不过我们在最后一个参数那里,传一个等待时间。调用完select之后,我们可以在调用FD_ISSET这个宏来判断是fd_array这个数组里边的那个socket有信号了。之后我们就可以进行数据收发了。第一个参数没有意义,windows中默认处理了,在Linux和mac下成为文件描述符。
利用select模型对之前的代码进行相应的改动与和应用:
一、新建空控制台项目,新建server.cpp,黏贴以下代码
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <Windows.h>
#include <WinSock2.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
#include <vector>
enum CMD
{
CMD_NEW_USER,
CMD_LOGIN,
CMD_LOGIN_RST,
CMD_LOGOUT,
CMD_LOGOUT_RST,
};
struct DataHeader
{
short dataLth;
CMD cmd;
};
struct NewUsr : public DataHeader
{
NewUsr()
{
dataLth = sizeof(NewUsr);
cmd = CMD_NEW_USER;
}
};
struct Login : public DataHeader
{
Login()
{
dataLth = sizeof(Login);
cmd = CMD_LOGIN;
strcpy(usrName, "小明");
strcpy(passWord, "小明密码");
}
char usrName[32];
char passWord[32];
};
struct LoginRst : public DataHeader
{
LoginRst()
{
dataLth = sizeof(LoginRst);
cmd = CMD_LOGIN_RST;
rst = 1;
}
int rst;
};
struct Logout : public DataHeader
{
Logout()
{
dataLth = sizeof(Logout);
cmd = CMD_LOGOUT;
strcpy(usrName, "小明");
}
char usrName[32];
};
struct LogoutRst : public DataHeader
{
int rst;
LogoutRst()
{
dataLth = sizeof(LogoutRst);
cmd = CMD_LOGOUT_RST;
rst = -1;
}
};
std::vector<SOCKET> g_clients;
int processor(SOCKET _cSock)
{
printf("当前套接字%d,processor start.... \n",(int)_cSock);
DataHeader recvDH;
int nLen = recv(_cSock, (char*)&recvDH, sizeof(recvDH), 0);
if (nLen <= 0)
{
printf("当前套接字%d,processor end.... ,客户端退出!\n", (int)_cSock);
return -1;
}
//处理请求
switch (recvDH.cmd)
{
case CMD_LOGIN:
{
printf("命令 CMD_LOGIN,客户端!!登录!\n");
Login login;
int ret = recv(_cSock, (char*)(&login + sizeof(DataHeader)), sizeof(Login) - sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
printf("用户姓名:%s 用户密码:%s\n", login.usrName, login.passWord);
LoginRst inRst;
send(_cSock, (char*)&inRst, sizeof(inRst), 0);
}
break;
case CMD_LOGOUT:
{
printf("命令 CMD_LOGOUT,客户端登出!!!\n");
Logout logout;
int ret = recv(_cSock, (char*)(&logout + sizeof(DataHeader)), sizeof(Logout) - sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
printf("用户姓名:%s", logout.usrName);
LogoutRst outRst;
send(_cSock, (char*)&outRst, sizeof(outRst), 0);
}
break;
}
printf("当前套接字%d,processor end.... \n", (int)_cSock);
return 0;
}
int main()
{
WORD ver = MAKEWORD(2, 2);
WSADATA dat;
WSAStartup(ver, &dat);
//1建立套接字
SOCKET _sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
//2绑定用于接受客户端链接的网络端口
sockaddr_in _sin = {};
_sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
_sin.sin_port = htons(4567);//主机转网络字节地址
_sin.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = INADDR_ANY; //接收
if (bind(_sock, (sockaddr*)&_sin, sizeof(_sin)) == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("绑定网络端口失败!\n");
}
else {
printf("绑定网络端口成功!\n");
}
//3 监听端口
if (SOCKET_ERROR == listen(_sock, 5))
{
printf("监听失败!\n");
}
else{
printf("监听成功!\n");
}
while (true)
{
///printf("the Start\n");
fd_set fdsRead;
fd_set fdsWrite;
fd_set fdsExp;
FD_ZERO(&fdsRead);
FD_ZERO(&fdsWrite);
FD_ZERO(&fdsExp);
FD_SET(_sock, &fdsRead);
FD_SET(_sock, &fdsWrite);
FD_SET(_sock, &fdsExp);//创建3种的fds用来检测是否有链接
//如果g_clients中含有套接字的话,将他添加进来
for (int n = 0; n < (int)g_clients.size(); n++)
{
FD_SET(g_clients[n], &fdsRead);
}
int ret = select(_sock + 1, &fdsRead, &fdsWrite, &fdsExp, NULL);
if (ret < 0)
{
printf("select模型中没用可用套接字,客户端已退出!!!\n");
break;
}
if (FD_ISSET(_sock, &fdsRead))
{
FD_CLR(_sock, &fdsRead);
//等待socket
sockaddr_in _clientAddr = {};
int nAddrLen = sizeof(sockaddr_in);
SOCKET _cSock = INVALID_SOCKET;
_cSock = accept(_sock, (sockaddr*)&_clientAddr, &nAddrLen);
if (_cSock == INVALID_SOCKET)
{
printf("当前是无效客户端套接字!!!\n");
}
g_clients.push_back(_cSock);
printf("新的客户端:socket = %d,IP = %s \n", int(_cSock), inet_ntoa(_clientAddr.sin_addr));
}
for (int n = 0; n < (int)(fdsRead.fd_count - 1); n++)
{
if (processor(fdsRead.fd_array[n]) == -1)
{
auto iter = find(g_clients.begin(), g_clients.end(), fdsRead.fd_array[n]);
if (iter != g_clients.end())
{
g_clients.erase(iter);
}
}
}//删除退出的套接字
}
//6 关闭套接字
for (int n = (int)g_clients.size();n >= 0; n--)
{
closesocket(g_clients[n]);
}
closesocket(_sock);
WSACleanup();
getchar();
return 0;
}
二、新建空的控制台项目,新建文件client.cpp
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <Windows.h>
#include <WinSock2.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
enum CMD
{
CMD_NEW_USER,
CMD_LOGIN,
CMD_LOGIN_RST,
CMD_LOGOUT,
CMD_LOGOUT_RST,
};
struct DataHeader
{
short dataLth;
CMD cmd;
};
struct NewUsr : public DataHeader
{
NewUsr()
{
dataLth = sizeof(NewUsr);
cmd = CMD_NEW_USER;
}
};
struct Login : public DataHeader
{
Login()
{
dataLth = sizeof(Login);
cmd = CMD_LOGIN;
strcpy(usrName, "小明");
strcpy(passWord, "小明密码");
}
char usrName[32];
char passWord[32];
};
struct LoginRst : public DataHeader
{
LoginRst()
{
dataLth = sizeof(LoginRst);
cmd = CMD_LOGIN_RST;
rst = 1;
}
int rst;
};
struct Logout : public DataHeader
{
Logout()
{
dataLth = sizeof(Logout);
cmd = CMD_LOGOUT;
strcpy(usrName, "小明");
}
char usrName[32];
};
struct LogoutRst : public DataHeader
{
int rst;
LogoutRst()
{
dataLth = sizeof(LogoutRst);
cmd = CMD_LOGOUT_RST;
rst = -1;
}
};
int main()
{
WORD ver = MAKEWORD(2, 2);
WSADATA dat;
WSAStartup(ver, &dat);
//1 建立套接字
SOCKET _sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (INVALID_SOCKET == _sock)
{
printf("客户端创建套接字失败!!!\n");
}
else
{
printf("客户端创建套接字成功!!!\n");
}
//2 链接服务器
sockaddr_in _sin = {};
_sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
_sin.sin_port = htons(4567);
_sin.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
int ret = connect(_sock,(sockaddr*)&_sin,sizeof(sockaddr_in));
if (SOCKET_ERROR == ret)
{
printf("服务器连接失败!!!\n");
}
else
{
printf("服务器连接成功!!!\n");
}
while (true)
{
char scanfBuf[256] = {};
scanf("%s", scanfBuf);
if (0 == strcmp(scanfBuf, "exit"))
{
printf("退出客户端!!!\n");
break;
}
else if (0 == strcmp(scanfBuf, "login"))
{
Login login;
send(_sock, (char*)&login, sizeof(login), 0);
LoginRst loginrst = {};
recv(_sock, (char*)&loginrst, sizeof(loginrst), 0);
printf("LoginRestlt:%d\n", loginrst.rst);
}
else if (0 == strcmp(scanfBuf, "logout"))
{
Logout logout;
send(_sock, (char*)&logout, sizeof(logout), 0);
LogoutRst logoutrst = {};
recv(_sock, (char*)&logoutrst, sizeof(logoutrst), 0);
printf("LogoutRestlt:%d\n", logoutrst.rst);
}
else
{
printf("输入的请求不合法!!!\n");
}
}
//7关闭套接字
closesocket(_sock);
WSACleanup();
getchar();
return 0;
}