网络编程

TCP

Server:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
	int sockfd, new_fd;
	struct sockaddr_in server_addr; //服务器地址
	struct sockaddr_in client_addr; //客户端地址
	int sin_size, portnumber;
	const char hello[]="Hello\n";
	
	if(argc!=2){
		fprintf(stderr,"Usage:%s portnumber\a\n",argv[0]); 	
		exit(1);
	}
	if((portnumber=atoi(argv[1]))<0){
		fprintf(stderr,"Usage:%s portnumber\a\n",argv[0]);	
		exit(1);	
	}
	if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1){ //建立套接字，范围值为整数描述符
		fprintf(stderr,"Socket error:%s \n\a",strerror(errno));	
		exit(1);	
	}
	
	//服务器填充sockaddr结构
	bzero(&server_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
	server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; //判断sockaddr_in 存储的是什么类型数据，不会发送到网络，所以无需字节顺序转换
	//注释：节顺序转换：  htonl：Host to Network Long      htons:Host to Network Short
	server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);//INADDR_ANY：任意IP地址   表示服务器接收任意外部连接 
	//server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("192.168.1.103");
	server_addr.sin_port = htons(portnumber);//绑定的端口号portnumber  0~65535   
		 //说明：1）端口号为0表示由系统分配可用端口 2）小于1024的端口需要root权限  3）如果设置的端口号已分配给其他进程，bind出错

	if(bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)(&server_addr),sizeof(struct sockaddr))== -1){ //捆绑sockfd描述符到本地端口和地址
		fprintf(stderr,"Bind error%s\n\a",strerror(errno));	
		exit(1);
	}

	if(listen(sockfd,5)== -1){//本地等待最大连接数5： 5~10
		fprintf(stderr,"Listen error %s\n\a",strerror(errno));	
		exit(1);
	}

	while(1){
		sin_size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
		if((new_fd = accept(sockfd ,(struct sockaddr *)(&client_addr),&sin_size))==-1){ //阻塞直到有连接请求，将远程计算机地址信息写入client_addr 	//new_fd 新socket  sockfd用于倾听客户端请求，new_fd用于和已连接客户端通信
			fprintf(stderr,"Accept error %s\n\a",strerror(errno));	exit(1);
		}
		//inet_ntoa: 把网络字节顺序的in_addr结构转换成 点分十进制字符串（如192.168.1.1）
		fprintf(stderr,"Server get connection from %s\n",inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr));
		if(write(new_fd, hello, strlen(hello))==-1){
			fprintf(stderr,"Write Error:%s\n",strerror(errno));
			exit(1);
		}
		close(new_fd);
	}
	close(sockfd);
	exit(0);
}

Client:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
int main(int argc,char** argv)
{
	int sockfd;
	char buffer[1024];
	struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
	struct hostent *host;
	int portnumber,nbytes;
	if(argc!=3){
		fprintf(stderr,"Usage:%s hostname portnumber\a\n",argv[0]);
		exit(1);	
	}
	if((host = gethostbyname(argv[1]))==NULL){//获得访问的服务器的域名（如192.168.1.***）
		herror("Get host name error\n");
		exit(1);	
	}
	if((portnumber = atoi(argv[2]))<0){
		fprintf(stderr,"Usage:%s hostname portnumber \a\n",argv[0]);
		exit(1);	
	}
	
	//客户端建立sockfd描述符
	if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0))==-1){
			fprintf(stderr,"Socket Error %s\a\n",strerror(errno));
			exit(1);
	}
	
	//填充服务端的相关信息 主要是端口号，地址
	bzero(&server_addr,sizeof(server_addr));
	server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	server_addr.sin_port = htons(portnumber);
	server_addr.sin_addr = *((struct in_addr *)host->h_addr);
	
	//客户端发起连接请求
	if(connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)(&server_addr), sizeof(struct sockaddr))==-1){
		fprintf(stderr,"Connect Error:%s\a\n",strerror(errno));
		exit(1);	
	}
	
	//如果连接成功
	if((nbytes = read(sockfd, buffer, 1024))==-1){
		fprintf(stderr,"Read Error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
		exit(1);
	}
	buffer[nbytes] = '\0';
	printf("Have Received : %s\n",buffer);
	close(sockfd);
	exit(0);
}

UDP

udpserver:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

#define PORT 2000          //监听端口
#define MAXDATASIZE 100    //缓冲区大小

int main()
{
	int sockfd;
	struct sockaddr_in server;//服务器地址
	struct sockaddr_in client;//客户端地址
	
	int sin_size;
	int num;
	char msg[MAXDATASIZE];//接收缓冲区
	
	if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0))== -1){
		perror("Create socket failed.");
		exit(1);	
	}
	
	bzero(&server,sizeof(server));
	server.sin_family = AF_INET;
	server.sin_port = htons(PORT);
	server.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
	if(bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&server, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) == -1){
		perror("Bind error.");
		exit(1);	
	}
	sin_size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
	while(1)
	{
		num = recvfrom(sockfd, msg, MAXDATASIZE, 0,(struct sockaddr*)&client, &sin_size);
		if(num<0){
			perror("recvfrom error\n");
			exit(1);
		}
		msg[num] = '\0';
		printf("Got a message(%s) from %s\n",msg,inet_ntoa(client.sin_addr));
		sendto(sockfd, "Weclome to server.\n", 23, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&client, sin_size);
		if(!strcmp(msg,"quit")){
			printf("quit!\r\n");
			break;
		}
		close(sockfd);
		return 0;
	}
}

udbclient:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#define PORT 2000
#define MAXDATASIZE 100
int main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
	int sockfd, numbytes;
	char buf[MAXDATASIZE];
	struct sockaddr_in server,reply;
	struct hostent *host;
	if(argc!=3){
		printf("Usage :%s <IP ADDress> <message>\n",argv[0]);
		exit(1);
	}
	if((host = gethostbyname(argv[1]))==NULL){
		printf("gethosetbyname error\n");
		exit(1);	
	}
	if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0))==-1){
		printf("socket() error\n");
		exit(1);	
	}
	
	bzero(&server,sizeof(server));
	server.sin_family = AF_INET;
	server.sin_port = htons(PORT);
	server.sin_addr = *((struct in_addr *)host->h_addr);
	
	//发送消息至服务器
	sendto(sockfd,argv[2],strlen(argv[2]),0,(struct sockaddr*)&server,sizeof(struct sockaddr));
	
	while(1)
	{
		int len;
		//接受来自服务器的消息
		if((numbytes = recvfrom(sockfd,buf,MAXDATASIZE,0, (struct sockaddr*)&reply,&len))==-1){
			printf("recvfrom() error\n");
			exit(1);		
		}
		if(len != sizeof(struct sockaddr) || memcmp((const void*)&server, (const void*)&reply, len)!=0){
			printf("Receive message from other server.\n");
			buf[numbytes] = '\0';
			printf("Server Message: %s\n",buf);
			break;
		}
		close(sockfd);
		return 0;
	}
	
}