Matplotlib

# Import everything from matplotlib (numpy is accessible via 'np' alias)
from pylab import *  #在Python 里有一个集成了Matplotlib和其他一些数学包比如Numpy的包，叫Pylab，所以一般只需要：from pylab import *


# Create a new figure of size 8x6 points, using 80 dots per inch
figure(figsize=(8,6), dpi=80)

# Create a new subplot from a grid of 1x1
subplot(1,1,1)

X = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, 256,endpoint=True)
C,S = np.cos(X), np.sin(X)

# Plot cosine using blue color with a continuous line of width 1 (pixels)
plot(X, C, color="blue", linewidth=1.0, linestyle="-")

# Plot sine using green color with a continuous line of width 1 (pixels)
plot(X, S, color="green", linewidth=1.0, linestyle=":")

# Set x limits
xlim(-4.0,4.0)

# Set x ticks
xticks(np.linspace(-4,4,9,endpoint=True))

# Set y limits
ylim(-1.0,1.0)

# Set y ticks
yticks(np.linspace(-1,1,5,endpoint=True))

# Save figure using 72 dots per inch
# savefig("exercice_2.png",dpi=72)

# Show result on screen
#show()


#设置边界
xlim(X.min()*1.1, X.max()*1.1)
ylim(C.min()*1.1, C.max()*1.1)


#设置刻度
xticks( [-np.pi, -np.pi/2, 0, np.pi/2, np.pi])
yticks([-1, 0, +1])

#设置刻度标签
xticks([-np.pi, -np.pi/2, 0, np.pi/2, np.pi],
       [r'$-\pi$', r'$-\pi/2$', r'$0$', r'$+\pi/2$', r'$+\pi$'])
#latex语法 r——原始字符串 在python中使用laText，需要在文本的前后加上$符号  \pi：π。
yticks([-1, 0, +1],
       [r'$-1$', r'$0$', r'$+1$'])



#移动轴线(spine)  包围图表的线条
ax = gca()  #Get current axis
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')  #隐藏两条边
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')  #bottom设定为X轴
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('data',0))#移到中间
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')    #left设定为Y轴
ax.spines['left'].set_position(('data',<