WebView的用法
基础用法很简单..
webView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.web_view);
webView.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnabled(true);
webView.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient() {
@Override
public boolean shouldOverrideUrlLoading(WebView view, Stringurl) {
view.loadUrl(url); // 根据传入的参数再去加载新的网页
return true; // 表示当前WebView可以处理打开新网页的请求,不用借助系统浏览器
}
});
webView.loadUrl("http://www.baidu.com");
网络访问需要权限:
android.permission.INTERNET
10.2使用HTTP协议访问网络
Android中发送HTTP请求一般通过HttpURLConnection和HttpClient.
首先需要获取到 HttpURLConnection 的实例,一般只需 new 出一个 URL 对象,并传入目标的网络地址,然后调用一下 openConnection()方法即可.
URL url = new URL(“http://www.baidu.com“);
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
获取HttpURLConnection实例后设置HTTP请求方法,常用是是Get和Post.Get表示获取数据,Post表示提数据.
connection.setRequestMethod(“GET”);
之后就可以设置连接超时,读取超时的毫秒数或者服务器希望得到的消息头等.
在调用getInputStream()就可以获得服务器返回的输入流.
InputStream in = connection.getInputStream();
最后可以调用disconnect()关闭该HTTP连接.
Post示例:
connection.setRequestMethod(“POST”);
DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());
out.writeBytes(“username=admin&password=123456”);
10.2.2 使用HttpClient
Android6.0后已废弃.
10.3解析XML格式数据
10.3.1Pull解析方式
private void parseXMLWithPull(String xmlData) {
try {
XmlPullParserFactory factory = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance();
XmlPullParser xmlPullParser = factory.newPullParser();
xmlPullParser.setInput(new StringReader(xmlData));
int eventType = xmlPullParser.getEventType();
String id = "";
String name = "";
String version = "";
while (eventType != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
String nodeName = xmlPullParser.getName();
switch (eventType) {
// 开始解析某个结点
case XmlPullParser.START_TAG: {
if ("id".equals(nodeName)) {
id = xmlPullParser.nextText();
} else if ("name".equals(nodeName)) {
name = xmlPullParser.nextText();
} else if ("version".equals(nodeName)) {
version = xmlPullParser.nextText();
}
break;
}
// 完成解析某个结点
case XmlPullParser.END_TAG: {
if ("app".equals(nodeName)) {
Log.d("MainActivity", "id is " + id);
Log.d("MainActivity", "name is " + name);
Log.d("MainActivity", "version is " + version);
}
break;
}
default:
break;
}
eventType = xmlPullParser.next();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
获取的数据不对(sad脸
10.3.2SAX解析方式
新建一个类继承DefaultHandle,重写startDocument(),startElement(),characters(),endElement(),endDocument()五个方法.
- startDocument()方法会在开始 XML 解析的时候调用.
- startElement()方法会在开始解析某个结点的时候调用.
- characters()方法会在获取结点中内容的时候调用.
- endElement()方法会在完成解析某个结点的时候调用.
- endDocument()方法会在完成整个 XML 解析的时候调用.
其中, startElement()、 characters()和 endElement()这三个方法是有参数的,从 XML 中解析出的数据就会以参数的形式传入到这些方法中。需要注意的是,在获取结点中的内容时, characters()方法可能会被调用多次,一些换行符也被当作内容解析出来,我们需要针对这种情况在代码中做好控制
示例:
public class ContentHandler extends DefaultHandler {
private String nodeName;
private StringBuilder id;
private StringBuilder name;
private StringBuilder version;
@Override
public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
id = new StringBuilder();
name = new StringBuilder();
version = new StringBuilder();
}
@Override
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
// 记录当前结点名
nodeName = localName;
}
@Override
public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throwsSAXException {
// 根据当前的结点名判断将内容添加到哪一个StringBuilder对象中
if ("id".equals(nodeName)) {
id.append(ch, start, length);
} else if ("name".equals(nodeName)) {
name.append(ch, start, length);
} else if ("version".equals(nodeName)) {
version.append(ch, start, length);
}
}
@Override
public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throwsSAXException {
if ("app".equals(localName)) {
Log.d("ContentHandler", "id is " + id.toString().trim());
Log.d("ContentHandler", "name is " + name.toString().trim());
Log.d("ContentHandler", "version is " + version.toString().trim());
// 最后要将StringBuilder清空掉id.setLength(0);
name.setLength(0);
version.setLength(0);
}
}
@Override
public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
}
}
private void parseXMLWithSAX(String xmlData) {
try {
SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
XMLReader xmlReader = factory.newSAXParser().getXMLReader();
ContentHandler handler = new ContentHandler();
// 将ContentHandler的实例设置到XMLReader中
xmlReader.setContentHandler(handler);
// 开始执行解析
xmlReader.parse(new InputSource(new StringReader(xmlData)));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
10.4解析JSON格式数据
JSON相对于xml体积更小,但是语义较差,没xml直观.解析JSON可以使用官方提供的 JSONObject,也可以使用谷歌的开源库 GSON。或者第三方的开源库如 Jackson、 FastJSON .
10.4.1使用JSONObject
10.4.2使用GSON
新建类,包含标签.
public class App {
private String id;
private String name;
private String version;
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getVersion() {
return version;
}
public void setVersion(String version) {
this.version = version;
}
}
使用方法:
private void parseJSONWithGSON(String jsonData) {
Gson gson = new Gson();
List<App> appList = gson.fromJson(jsonData, new TypeToken<List<App>>() {}.getType());
for (App app : appList) {
Log.d("MainActivity", "id is " + app.getId());
Log.d("MainActivity", "name is " + app.getName());
Log.d("MainActivity", "version is " + app.getVersion());
}
}
10.5 网络编程的最佳实践
可以把所有的网络操作提取到一个公共的类中,并提供静态方法.
网络请求通常都是属于耗时操作,而 sendHttpRequest()方法的内部并没有开启线程,这样就有可能导致在调用 sendHttpRequest()方法的时候使得主线程被阻塞住。若开启线程,则sendHttpRequest()会在服务器相应前执行结束而无法返回相应的数据.组要使用回调机制.
例如:
定义接口:
public interface HttpCallbackListener {
void onFinish(String response);
void onError(Exception e);
}
实现接口:
public class HttpUtil {
public static void sendHttpRequest(final String address, final HttpCallbackListener listener) {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
try {
URL url = new URL(address);
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
connection.setConnectTimeout(8000);
connection.setReadTimeout(8000);
connection.setDoInput(true);
connection.setDoOutput(true);
InputStream in = connection.getInputStream();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(newInputStreamReader(in));
StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
response.append(line);
}
if (listener != null) {
// 回调onFinish()方法
listener.onFinish(response.toString());
}
} catch (Exception e) {
if (listener != null) {
//回调onError()方法
listener.onError(e);
}
} finally {
if (connection != null) {
connection.disconnect();
}
}
}
}).start();
}
}
需要发起HTTP请求时:
String address = "http://www.baidu.com";
String response = HttpUtil.sendHttpRequest(address);