RSA
这种算法1978年就出现了,它是第一个既能用于数据加密也能用于数字签名的算法。它易于理解和操作,也很流行。算法的名字以发明者的名字命名:Ron Rivest, AdiShamir 和Leonard Adleman。
这种加密算法的特点主要是密钥的变化,上文我们看到DES只有一个密钥。相当于只有一把钥匙,如果这把钥匙丢了,数据也就不安全了。RSA同时有两把钥 匙,公钥与私钥。同时支持数字签名。数字签名的意义在于,对传输过来的数据进行校验。确保数据在传输工程中不被修改。
流程分析:
-
甲方构建密钥对儿,将公钥公布给乙方,将私钥保留。
-
甲方使用私钥加密数据,然后用私钥对加密后的数据签名,发送给乙方签名以及加密后的数据;乙方使用公钥、签名来验证待解密数据是否有效,如果有效使用公钥对数据解密。
-
乙方使用公钥加密数据,向甲方发送经过加密后的数据;甲方获得加密数据,通过私钥解密。
按如上步骤给出序列图,如下:
通过java代码实现如下:Coder类见
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|
import
java.security.Key;
import
java.security.KeyFactory;
import
java.security.KeyPair;
import
java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import
java.security.PrivateKey;
import
java.security.PublicKey;
import
java.security.Signature;
import
java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import
java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import
java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import
java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import
java.util.HashMap;
import
java.util.Map;
import
javax.crypto.Cipher;
/**
* RSA安全编码组件
*
* @author 梁栋
* @version 1.0
* @since 1.0
*/
public
abstract
class
RSACoder
extends
Coder {
public
static
final
String KEY_ALGORITHM =
"RSA"
;
public
static
final
String SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM =
"MD5withRSA"
;
private
static
final
String PUBLIC_KEY =
"RSAPublicKey"
;
private
static
final
String PRIVATE_KEY =
"RSAPrivateKey"
;
/**
* 用私钥对信息生成数字签名
*
* @param data
* 加密数据
* @param privateKey
* 私钥
*
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public
static
String sign(
byte
[] data, String privateKey)
throws
Exception {
// 解密由base64编码的私钥
byte
[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(privateKey);
// 构造PKCS8EncodedKeySpec对象
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec =
new
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
// KEY_ALGORITHM 指定的加密算法
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
// 取私钥匙对象
PrivateKey priKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
// 用私钥对信息生成数字签名
Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);
signature.initSign(priKey);
signature.update(data);
return
encryptBASE64(signature.sign());
}
/**
* 校验数字签名
*
* @param data
* 加密数据
* @param publicKey
* 公钥
* @param sign
* 数字签名
*
* @return 校验成功返回true 失败返回false
* @throws Exception
*
*/
public
static
boolean
verify(
byte
[] data, String publicKey, String sign)
throws
Exception {
// 解密由base64编码的公钥
byte
[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(publicKey);
// 构造X509EncodedKeySpec对象
X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec =
new
X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
// KEY_ALGORITHM 指定的加密算法
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
// 取公钥匙对象
PublicKey pubKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);
Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);
signature.initVerify(pubKey);
signature.update(data);
// 验证签名是否正常
return
signature.verify(decryptBASE64(sign));
}
/**
* 解密<br>
* 用私钥解密
*
* @param data
* @param key
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public
static
byte
[] decryptByPrivateKey(
byte
[] data, String key)
throws
Exception {
// 对密钥解密
byte
[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);
// 取得私钥
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec =
new
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
Key privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
// 对数据解密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
return
cipher.doFinal(data);
}
/**
* 解密<br>
* 用私钥解密
*
* @param data
* @param key
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public
static
byte
[] decryptByPublicKey(
byte
[] data, String key)
throws
Exception {
// 对密钥解密
byte
[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);
// 取得公钥
X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec =
new
X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
Key publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);
// 对数据解密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
return
cipher.doFinal(data);
}
/**
* 加密<br>
* 用公钥加密
*
* @param data
* @param key
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public
static
byte
[] encryptByPublicKey(
byte
[] data, String key)
throws
Exception {
// 对公钥解密
byte
[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);
// 取得公钥
X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec =
new
X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
Key publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);
// 对数据加密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
return
cipher.doFinal(data);
}
/**
* 加密<br>
* 用私钥加密
*
* @param data
* @param key
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public
static
byte
[] encryptByPrivateKey(
byte
[] data, String key)
throws
Exception {
// 对密钥解密
byte
[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);
// 取得私钥
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec =
new
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
Key privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
// 对数据加密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
return
cipher.doFinal(data);
}
/**
* 取得私钥
*
* @param keyMap
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public
static
String getPrivateKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)
throws
Exception {
Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY);
return
encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
}
/**
* 取得公钥
*
* @param keyMap
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public
static
String getPublicKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)
throws
Exception {
Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY);
return
encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
}
/**
* 初始化密钥
*
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public
static
Map<String, Object> initKey()
throws
Exception {
KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator
.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
keyPairGen.initialize(
1024
);
KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();
// 公钥
RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();
// 私钥
RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
Map<String, Object> keyMap =
new
HashMap<String, Object>(
2
);
keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey);
keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey);
return
keyMap;
}
}
|
再给出一个测试类:
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import
static
org.junit.Assert.*;
import
org.junit.Before;
import
org.junit.Test;
import
java.util.Map;
/**
*
* @author 梁栋
* @version 1.0
* @since 1.0
*/
public
class
RSACoderTest {
private
String publicKey;
private
String privateKey;
@Before
public
void
setUp()
throws
Exception {
Map<String, Object> keyMap = RSACoder.initKey();
publicKey = RSACoder.getPublicKey(keyMap);
privateKey = RSACoder.getPrivateKey(keyMap);
System.err.println(
"公钥: \n\r"
+ publicKey);
System.err.println(
"私钥: \n\r"
+ privateKey);
}
@Test
public
void
test()
throws
Exception {
System.err.println(
"公钥加密——私钥解密"
);
String inputStr =
"abc"
;
byte
[] data = inputStr.getBytes();
byte
[] encodedData = RSACoder.encryptByPublicKey(data, publicKey);
byte
[] decodedData = RSACoder.decryptByPrivateKey(encodedData,
privateKey);
String outputStr =
new
String(decodedData);
System.err.println(
"加密前: "
+ inputStr +
"\n\r"
+
"解密后: "
+ outputStr);
assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);
}
@Test
public
void
testSign()
throws
Exception {
System.err.println(
"私钥加密——公钥解密"
);
String inputStr =
"sign"
;
byte
[] data = inputStr.getBytes();
byte
[] encodedData = RSACoder.encryptByPrivateKey(data, privateKey);
byte
[] decodedData = RSACoder
.decryptByPublicKey(encodedData, publicKey);
String outputStr =
new
String(decodedData);
System.err.println(
"加密前: "
+ inputStr +
"\n\r"
+
"解密后: "
+ outputStr);
assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);
System.err.println(
"私钥签名——公钥验证签名"
);
// 产生签名
String sign = RSACoder.sign(encodedData, privateKey);
System.err.println(
"签名:\r"
+ sign);
// 验证签名
boolean
status = RSACoder.verify(encodedData, publicKey, sign);
System.err.println(
"状态:\r"
+ status);
assertTrue(status);
}
}
|
控制台输出:
公钥: MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCYU/+I0+z1aBl5X6DUUOHQ7FZpmBSDbKTtx89J EcB64jFCkunELT8qiKly7fzEqD03g8ALlu5XvX+bBqHFy7YPJJP0ekE2X3wjUnh2NxlqpH3/B/xm 1ZdSlCwDIkbijhBVDjA/bu5BObhZqQmDwIxlQInL9oVz+o6FbAZCyHBd7wIDAQAB 私钥: MIICdgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAmAwggJcAgEAAoGBAJhT/4jT7PVoGXlfoNRQ4dDsVmmY FINspO3Hz0kRwHriMUKS6cQtPyqIqXLt/MSoPTeDwAuW7le9f5sGocXLtg8kk/R6QTZffCNSeHY3 GWqkff8H/GbVl1KULAMiRuKOEFUOMD9u7kE5uFmpCYPAjGVAicv2hXP6joVsBkLIcF3vAgMBAAEC gYBvZHWoZHmS2EZQqKqeuGr58eobG9hcZzWQoJ4nq/CarBAjw/VovUHE490uK3S9ht4FW7Yzg3LV /MB06Huifh6qf/X9NQA7SeZRRC8gnCQk6JuDIEVJOud5jU+9tyumJakDKodQ3Jf2zQtNr+5ZdEPl uwWgv9c4kmpjhAdyMuQmYQJBANn6pcgvyYaia52dnu+yBUsGkaFfwXkzFSExIbi0MXTkhEb/ER/D rLytukkUu5S5ecz/KBa8U4xIslZDYQbLz5ECQQCy5dutt7RsxN4+dxCWn0/1FrkWl2G329Ucewm3 QU9CKu4D+7Kqdj+Ha3lXP8F0Etaaapi7+EfkRUpukn2ItZV/AkEAlk+I0iphxT1rCB0Q5CjWDY5S Df2B5JmdEG5Y2o0nLXwG2w44OLct/k2uD4cEcuITY5Dvi/4BftMCZwm/dnhEgQJACIktJSnJwxLV o9dchENPtlsCM9C/Sd2EWpqISSUlmfugZbJBwR5pQ5XeMUqKeXZYpP+HEBj1nS+tMH9u2/IGEwJA fL8mZiZXan/oBKrblAbplNcKWGRVD/3y65042PAEeghahlJMiYquV5DzZajuuT0wbJ5xQuZB01+X nfpFpBJ2dw== 公钥加密——私钥解密 加密前: abc 解密后: abc 公钥: MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDdOj40yEB48XqWxmPILmJAc7UecIN7F32etSHF 9rwbuEh3+iTPOGSxhoSQpOED0vOb0ZIMkBXZSgsxLaBSin2RZ09YKWRjtpCA0kDkiD11gj4tzTiM l9qq1kwSK7ZkGAgodEn3yIILVmQDuEImHOXFtulvJ71ka07u3LuwUNdB/wIDAQAB 私钥: MIICdwIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAmEwggJdAgEAAoGBAN06PjTIQHjxepbGY8guYkBztR5w g3sXfZ61IcX2vBu4SHf6JM84ZLGGhJCk4QPS85vRkgyQFdlKCzEtoFKKfZFnT1gpZGO2kIDSQOSI PXWCPi3NOIyX2qrWTBIrtmQYCCh0SffIggtWZAO4QiYc5cW26W8nvWRrTu7cu7BQ10H/AgMBAAEC gYEAz2JWBizjI31bqhP4XiP9PuY5F3vqBW4T+L9cFbQiyumKJc58yzTWUAUGKIIn3enXLG7dNqGr mbJro4JeFIJ3CiVDpXR9+FluIgI4SXm7ioGKF2NOMA9LR5Fu82W+pLfpTN2y2SaLYWEDZyp53BxY j9gUxaxi1MQs+C1ZgDF2xmECQQDy70bQntbRfysP+ppCtd56YRnES1Tyekw0wryS2tr+ivQJl7JF gp5rPAOXpgrq36xHDwUspQ0sJ0vj0O7ywxr1AkEA6SAaLhrJJrYucC0jxwAhUYyaPN+aOsWymaRh 9jA/Wc0wp29SbGTh5CcMuGpXm1g0M+FKW3dGiHgS3rVUKim4owJAbnxgapUzAgiiHxxMeDaavnHW 9C2GrtjsO7qtZOTgYI/1uT8itvZW8lJTF+9OW8/qXE76fXl7ai9dFnl5kzMk2QJBALfHz/vCsArt mkRiwY6zApE4Z6tPl1V33ymSVovvUzHnOdD1SKQdD5t+UV/crb3QVi8ED0t2B0u0ZSPfDT/D7kMC QDpwdj9k2F5aokLHBHUNJPFDAp7a5QMaT64gv/d48ITJ68Co+v5WzLMpzJBYXK6PAtqIhxbuPEc2 I2k1Afmrwyw= 私钥加密——公钥解密 加密前: sign 解密后: sign 私钥签名——公钥验证签名 签名: ud1RsIwmSC1pN22I4IXteg1VD2FbiehKUfNxgVSHzvQNIK+d20FCkHCqh9djP3h94iWnIUY0ifU+ mbJkhAl/i5krExOE0hknOnPMcEP+lZV1RbJI2zG2YooSp2XDleqrQk5e/QF2Mx0Zxt8Xsg7ucVpn i3wwbYWs9wSzIf0UjlM= 状态: true
简要总结一下,使用公钥加密、私钥解密,完成了乙方到甲方的一次数据传递,通过私钥加密、公钥解密,同时通过私钥签名、公钥验证签名,完成了一次甲方到乙方的数据传递与验证,两次数据传递完成一整套的数据交互!