apache的HttpComponents项目的介绍和简单使用

1、HttpComponents项目的介绍

先介绍一下一个开源项目， 这个项目就是Apache开源组织中的HttpComponents，主要是提供对http服务器的访问功能，目前已经是一个单独的项目，可见http服务器的访问绝非易事。

    在某些时候可能需要通过程序来访问这别人的网页程序，比如从别人的网页中“偷”一些数据。如果对方仅仅是一个很简单的页面，那我们的程序会很简单，。但是考虑到一些服务授权的问 题，很多公司提供的页面往往并不是可以通过一个简单的URL就可以访问的，而必须经过注册然后登录后方可使用提供服务的页面，这个时候就涉及到 COOKIE问题的处理。我们知道目前流行的动态网页技术例如ASP、JSP无不是通过COOKIE来处理会话信息的。为了使我们的程序能使用别人所提供的服务页面，就要求程序首先登录后再访问服务页面！再比如通过HTTP来上传文件呢？


    HttpComponents项目就是专门设计来简化HTTP客户端与服务器进行各种通讯编程。通过它可以让原来很头疼的事情现在轻松的解决，例如你不再管是HTTP或者HTTPS的通讯方式，告诉它你想使用HTTPS方式，剩下的事情交给 httpclient替你完成。

   网址：http://www.apache.org/   主页下面的Projects 可以找到HttpComponents项目，下载到相应的jar包，以及源代码跟示例程序。

2、httpcomponents 4.5.2 简单使用

HttpComponents 也就是以前的httpclient项目，可以用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议的客户端/服务器编程工具包，并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和建议。不过现在的 HttpComponents 包含多个子项目，有：

HttpComponents Core
HttpComponents Client

HttpComponents AsyncClient

Commons HttpClient

以下列出的是 HttpClient 提供的主要的功能，要知道更多详细的功能可以参见 HttpClient 的主页。

实现了所有 HTTP 的方法（GET,POST,PUT,HEAD 等）
支持自动转向
支持 HTTPS 协议
支持代理服务器等
支持Cookie

之前用的HttpClient的方法都失效了，比如 httpclinet =new DefaultHttpClient(); 不知道为啥包里80%的类都失效了，总是觉得创建一个httpclient实例会比较麻烦，记不住。所以整理了一下新的方式简单使用。 
简单使用

导入jar包

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    <version>4.5.2</version>
</dependency>

get请求获取响应

CloseableHttpClient httpClient= HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com");
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpget);
HttpEntity httpEntity= response.getEntity();
String strResult= EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity);

post请求获取响应

HttpPost httpost = new HttpPost("https://www.baidu.com");
List <NameValuePair> nvps = new ArrayList <NameValuePair>();
nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("IDToken1", "username"));
nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("IDToken2", "password"));
httpost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, Consts.UTF_8));

HttpClient提供URIBuilder工具类来简化URIs的创建和修改过程。

URI uri = new URIBuilder()  
        .setScheme("http")  
        .setHost("www.google.com")  
        .setPath("/search")  
        .setParameter("q", "httpclient")  
        .setParameter("btnG", "Google Search")  
        .setParameter("aq", "f")  
        .setParameter("oq", "")  
        .build();  
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet(uri);  
System.out.println(httpget.getURI())

模拟浏览器请求

httpget.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:39.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/39.0");

3、HttpComponents之httpclient基本使用方法 - httpclient的版本是4.3

 A、第一种方式

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
 
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
 
public class HttpClient2 {
 
    public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
        List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("account", ""));
        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", ""));
        HttpEntity reqEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "utf-8");
 
        RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
                .setSocketTimeout(5000)
                .setConnectTimeout(5000)
                .setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)
                .build();
 
        HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
        HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://cnivi.com.cn/login");
        post.setEntity(reqEntity);
        post.setConfig(requestConfig);
        HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
 
        if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
            HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
            String message = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, "utf-8");
            System.out.println(message);
        } else {
            System.out.println("请求失败");
        }
    }
}

B、第二种方式，这种方式是用了一个http的连接池，同时使用httpbuilder构造合适的http方法。

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.RequestBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.routing.HttpRoute;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
 
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.*;
 
public class HttpClientUtils {
 
    private static PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager = null;
    private static HttpClientBuilder httpBulder = null;
    private static RequestConfig requestConfig = null;
 
    private static int MAXCONNECTION = 10;
 
    private static int DEFAULTMAXCONNECTION = 5;
 
    private static String IP = "cnivi.com.cn";
    private static int PORT = 80;
 
    static {
        //设置http的状态参数
        requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
                .setSocketTimeout(5000)
                .setConnectTimeout(5000)
                .setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)
                .build();
 
        HttpHost target = new HttpHost(IP, PORT);
        connectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
        connectionManager.setMaxTotal(MAXCONNECTION);
        connectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(DEFAULTMAXCONNECTION);
        connectionManager.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(target), 20);
        httpBulder = HttpClients.custom();
        httpBulder.setConnectionManager(connectionManager);
    }
 
    public static CloseableHttpClient getConnection() {
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = httpBulder.build();
        httpClient = httpBulder.build();
        return httpClient;
    }
 
    public static HttpUriRequest getRequestMethod(Map<String, String> map, String url, String method) {
        List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
        Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> entrySet = map.entrySet();
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : entrySet) {
            String name = e.getKey();
            String value = e.getValue();
            NameValuePair pair = new BasicNameValuePair(name, value);
            params.add(pair);
        }
        HttpUriRequest reqMethod = null;
        if ("post".equals(method)) {
            reqMethod = RequestBuilder.post().setUri(url)
                    .addParameters(params.toArray(new BasicNameValuePair[params.size()]))
                    .setConfig(requestConfig).build();
        } else if ("get".equals(method)) {
            reqMethod = RequestBuilder.get().setUri(url)
                    .addParameters(params.toArray(new BasicNameValuePair[params.size()]))
                    .setConfig(requestConfig).build();
        }
        return reqMethod;
    }
 
    public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
        map.put("account", "");
        map.put("password", "");
 
        HttpClient client = getConnection();
        HttpUriRequest post = getRequestMethod(map, "http://cnivi.com.cn/login", "post");
        HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
 
        if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            String message = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
            System.out.println(message);
        } else {
            System.out.println("请求失败");
        }
    }
}

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以上内容为转载，只是把三个文章的内容整在了一起