原文链接：http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578
Python装饰器学习（九步入门）
这是在Python学习小组上介绍的内容，现学现卖、多练习是好的学习方式。
第一步：最简单的函数，准备附加额外功能
<div class="dp-highlighter bg_python"><div class="bar"><div class="tools"><strong>[python]</strong> <a target=_blank title="view plain" class="ViewSource" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">view plain</a><span data-mod="popu_168"> <a target=_blank title="copy" class="CopyToClipboard" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">copy</a></span><div style="left: 630px; top: 566px; width: 21px; height: 11px; position: absolute; z-index: 99;"></div><span data-mod="popu_169"> <a target=_blank title="print" class="PrintSource" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">print</a></span><a target=_blank title="?" class="About" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">?</a></div></div><ol class="dp-py"><li class="alt"><span><span class="comment"># -*- coding:gbk -*-</span><span> </span></span></li><li><span><span class="string">''</span><span class="comment">'''示例1: 最简单的函数,表示调用了两次'''</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span><span class="keyword">def</span><span> myfunc(): </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">"myfunc() called."</span><span>) </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>myfunc() </span></li><li><span>myfunc() </span></li></ol><div class="save_code tracking-ad" style="display: none;" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" alt="" /></a></div></div><pre class="python" style="display: none;" name="code"># -*- coding:gbk -*-
'''示例1: 最简单的函数,表示调用了两次'''
def myfunc():
print("myfunc() called.")
myfunc()
myfunc()
第二步：使用装饰函数在函数执行前和执行后分别附加额外功能
<div class="dp-highlighter bg_python"><div class="bar"><div class="tools"><strong>[python]</strong> <a target=_blank title="view plain" class="ViewSource" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">view plain</a><span data-mod="popu_168"> <a target=_blank title="copy" class="CopyToClipboard" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">copy</a></span><div style="left: 630px; top: 843px; width: 21px; height: 11px; position: absolute; z-index: 99;"></div><span data-mod="popu_169"> <a target=_blank title="print" class="PrintSource" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">print</a></span><a target=_blank title="?" class="About" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">?</a></div></div><ol class="dp-py"><li class="alt"><span><span class="comment"># -*- coding:gbk -*-</span><span> </span></span></li><li><span><span class="string">''</span><span class="comment">'''示例2: 替换函数(装饰)</span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="comment">装饰函数的参数是被装饰的函数对象，返回原函数对象</span> </span></li><li><span><span class="comment">装饰的实质语句: myfunc = deco(myfunc)'''</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span><span class="keyword">def</span><span> deco(func): </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">"before myfunc() called."</span><span>) </span></span></li><li><span> func() </span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">" after myfunc() called."</span><span>) </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">return</span><span> func </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span><span class="keyword">def</span><span> myfunc(): </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">" myfunc() called."</span><span>) </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>myfunc = deco(myfunc) </span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>myfunc() </span></li><li><span>myfunc() </span></li></ol><div class="save_code tracking-ad" style="display: none;" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" alt="" /></a></div></div><pre class="python" style="display: none;" name="code"># -*- coding:gbk -*-
'''示例2: 替换函数(装饰)
装饰函数的参数是被装饰的函数对象，返回原函数对象
装饰的实质语句: myfunc = deco(myfunc)'''
def deco(func):
print("before myfunc() called.")
func()
print(" after myfunc() called.")
return func
def myfunc():
print(" myfunc() called.")
myfunc = deco(myfunc)
myfunc()
myfunc()
第三步：使用语法糖@来装饰函数
<div class="dp-highlighter bg_python"><div class="bar"><div class="tools"><strong>[python]</strong> <a target=_blank title="view plain" class="ViewSource" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">view plain</a><span data-mod="popu_168"> <a target=_blank title="copy" class="CopyToClipboard" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">copy</a></span><div style="left: 630px; top: 1267px; width: 21px; height: 11px; position: absolute; z-index: 99;"></div><span data-mod="popu_169"> <a target=_blank title="print" class="PrintSource" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">print</a></span><a target=_blank title="?" class="About" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">?</a></div></div><ol class="dp-py"><li class="alt"><span><span class="comment"># -*- coding:gbk -*-</span><span> </span></span></li><li><span><span class="string">''</span><span class="comment">'''示例3: 使用语法糖@来装饰函数，相当于“myfunc = deco(myfunc)”</span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="comment">但发现新函数只在第一次被调用，且原函数多调用了一次'''</span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="keyword">def</span><span> deco(func): </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">"before myfunc() called."</span><span>) </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> func() </span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">" after myfunc() called."</span><span>) </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">return</span><span> func </span></span></li><li><span><span class="decorator"></span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="decorator">@deco</span><span> </span></span></li><li><span><span class="keyword">def</span><span> myfunc(): </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">" myfunc() called."</span><span>) </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>myfunc() </span></li><li><span>myfunc() </span></li></ol><div class="save_code tracking-ad" style="display: none;" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" alt="" /></a></div></div><pre class="python" style="display: none;" name="code"># -*- coding:gbk -*-
'''示例3: 使用语法糖@来装饰函数，相当于“myfunc = deco(myfunc)”
但发现新函数只在第一次被调用，且原函数多调用了一次'''
def deco(func):
print("before myfunc() called.")
func()
print(" after myfunc() called.")
return func
@deco
def myfunc():
print(" myfunc() called.")
myfunc()
myfunc()
第四步：使用内嵌包装函数来确保每次新函数都被调用
<div class="dp-highlighter bg_python"><div class="bar"><div class="tools"><strong>[python]</strong> <a target=_blank title="view plain" class="ViewSource" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">view plain</a><span data-mod="popu_168"> <a target=_blank title="copy" class="CopyToClipboard" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">copy</a></span><div style="left: 630px; top: 1653px; width: 21px; height: 11px; position: absolute; z-index: 99;"></div><span data-mod="popu_169"> <a target=_blank title="print" class="PrintSource" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">print</a></span><a target=_blank title="?" class="About" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">?</a></div></div><ol class="dp-py"><li class="alt"><span><span class="comment"># -*- coding:gbk -*-</span><span> </span></span></li><li><span><span class="string">''</span><span class="comment">'''示例4: 使用内嵌包装函数来确保每次新函数都被调用，</span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="comment">内嵌包装函数的形参和返回值与原函数相同，装饰函数返回内嵌包装函数对象'''</span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="keyword">def</span><span> deco(func): </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">def</span><span> _deco(): </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">"before myfunc() called."</span><span>) </span></span></li><li><span> func() </span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">" after myfunc() called."</span><span>) </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="comment"># 不需要返回func，实际上应返回原函数的返回值</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">return</span><span> _deco </span></span></li><li><span><span class="decorator"></span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="decorator">@deco</span><span> </span></span></li><li><span><span class="keyword">def</span><span> myfunc(): </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">" myfunc() called."</span><span>) </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">return</span><span> </span><span class="string">'ok'</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span>myfunc() </span></li><li class="alt"><span>myfunc() </span></li></ol><div class="save_code tracking-ad" style="display: none;" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" alt="" /></a></div></div><pre class="python" style="display: none;" name="code"># -*- coding:gbk -*-
'''示例4: 使用内嵌包装函数来确保每次新函数都被调用，
内嵌包装函数的形参和返回值与原函数相同，装饰函数返回内嵌包装函数对象'''
def deco(func):
def _deco():
print("before myfunc() called.")
func()
print(" after myfunc() called.")
# 不需要返回func，实际上应返回原函数的返回值
return _deco
@deco
def myfunc():
print(" myfunc() called.")
return 'ok'
myfunc()
myfunc()
第五步：对带参数的函数进行装饰
<div class="dp-highlighter bg_python"><div class="bar"><div class="tools"><strong>[python]</strong> <a target=_blank title="view plain" class="ViewSource" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">view plain</a><span data-mod="popu_168"> <a target=_blank title="copy" class="CopyToClipboard" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">copy</a></span><div style="left: 630px; top: 2096px; width: 21px; height: 11px; position: absolute; z-index: 99;"></div><span data-mod="popu_169"> <a target=_blank title="print" class="PrintSource" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">print</a></span><a target=_blank title="?" class="About" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">?</a></div></div><ol class="dp-py"><li class="alt"><span><span class="comment"># -*- coding:gbk -*-</span><span> </span></span></li><li><span><span class="string">''</span><span class="comment">'''示例5: 对带参数的函数进行装饰，</span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="comment">内嵌包装函数的形参和返回值与原函数相同，装饰函数返回内嵌包装函数对象'''</span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="keyword">def</span><span> deco(func): </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">def</span><span> _deco(a, b): </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">"before myfunc() called."</span><span>) </span></span></li><li><span> ret = func(a, b) </span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">" after myfunc() called. result: %s"</span><span> % ret) </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">return</span><span> ret </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">return</span><span> _deco </span></span></li><li><span><span class="decorator"></span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="decorator">@deco</span><span> </span></span></li><li><span><span class="keyword">def</span><span> myfunc(a, b): </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">" myfunc(%s,%s) called."</span><span> % (a, b)) </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">return</span><span> a + b </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span>myfunc(<span class="number">1</span><span>, </span><span class="number">2</span><span>) </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span>myfunc(<span class="number">3</span><span>, </span><span class="number">4</span><span>) </span></span></li></ol><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" alt="" /></a></div></div><pre class="python" style="display: none;" name="code"># -*- coding:gbk -*-
'''示例5: 对带参数的函数进行装饰，
内嵌包装函数的形参和返回值与原函数相同，装饰函数返回内嵌包装函数对象'''
def deco(func):
def _deco(a, b):
print("before myfunc() called.")
ret = func(a, b)
print(" after myfunc() called. result: %s" % ret)
return ret
return _deco
@deco
def myfunc(a, b):
print(" myfunc(%s,%s) called." % (a, b))
return a + b
myfunc(1, 2)
myfunc(3, 4)
第六步：对参数数量不确定的函数进行装饰
<div class="dp-highlighter bg_python"><div class="bar"><div class="tools"><strong>[python]</strong> <a target=_blank title="view plain" class="ViewSource" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">view plain</a><span data-mod="popu_168"> <a target=_blank title="copy" class="CopyToClipboard" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">copy</a></span><div style="left: 630px; top: 2538px; width: 21px; height: 11px; position: absolute; z-index: 99;"></div><span data-mod="popu_169"> <a target=_blank title="print" class="PrintSource" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">print</a></span><a target=_blank title="?" class="About" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">?</a></div></div><ol class="dp-py"><li class="alt"><span><span class="comment"># -*- coding:gbk -*-</span><span> </span></span></li><li><span><span class="string">''</span><span class="comment">'''示例6: 对参数数量不确定的函数进行装饰，</span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="comment">参数用(*args, **kwargs)，自动适应变参和命名参数'''</span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="keyword">def</span><span> deco(func): </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">def</span><span> _deco(*args, **kwargs): </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">"before %s called."</span><span> % func.__name__) </span></span></li><li><span> ret = func(*args, **kwargs) </span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">" after %s called. result: %s"</span><span> % (func.__name__, ret)) </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">return</span><span> ret </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">return</span><span> _deco </span></span></li><li><span><span class="decorator"></span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="decorator">@deco</span><span> </span></span></li><li><span><span class="keyword">def</span><span> myfunc(a, b): </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">" myfunc(%s,%s) called."</span><span> % (a, b)) </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">return</span><span> a+b </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="decorator"></span> </span></li><li><span><span class="decorator">@deco</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="keyword">def</span><span> myfunc2(a, b, c): </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">" myfunc2(%s,%s,%s) called."</span><span> % (a, b, c)) </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">return</span><span> a+b+c </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>myfunc(<span class="number">1</span><span>, </span><span class="number">2</span><span>) </span></span></li><li><span>myfunc(<span class="number">3</span><span>, </span><span class="number">4</span><span>) </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span>myfunc2(<span class="number">1</span><span>, </span><span class="number">2</span><span>, </span><span class="number">3</span><span>) </span></span></li><li><span>myfunc2(<span class="number">3</span><span>, </span><span class="number">4</span><span>, </span><span class="number">5</span><span>) </span></span></li></ol><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" alt="" /></a></div></div><pre class="python" style="display: none;" name="code"># -*- coding:gbk -*-
'''示例6: 对参数数量不确定的函数进行装饰，
参数用(*args, **kwargs)，自动适应变参和命名参数'''
def deco(func):
def _deco(*args, **kwargs):
print("before %s called." % func.__name__)
ret = func(*args, **kwargs)
print(" after %s called. result: %s" % (func.__name__, ret))
return ret
return _deco
@deco
def myfunc(a, b):
print(" myfunc(%s,%s) called." % (a, b))
return a+b
@deco
def myfunc2(a, b, c):
print(" myfunc2(%s,%s,%s) called." % (a, b, c))
return a+b+c
myfunc(1, 2)
myfunc(3, 4)
myfunc2(1, 2, 3)
myfunc2(3, 4, 5)
第七步：让装饰器带参数
<div class="dp-highlighter bg_python"><div class="bar"><div class="tools"><strong>[python]</strong> <a target=_blank title="view plain" class="ViewSource" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">view plain</a><span data-mod="popu_168"> <a target=_blank title="copy" class="CopyToClipboard" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">copy</a></span><div style="left: 630px; top: 3111px; width: 21px; height: 11px; position: absolute; z-index: 99;"></div><span data-mod="popu_169"> <a target=_blank title="print" class="PrintSource" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">print</a></span><a target=_blank title="?" class="About" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">?</a></div></div><ol class="dp-py"><li class="alt"><span><span class="comment"># -*- coding:gbk -*-</span><span> </span></span></li><li><span><span class="string">''</span><span class="comment">'''示例7: 在示例4的基础上，让装饰器带参数，</span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="comment">和上一示例相比在外层多了一层包装。</span> </span></li><li><span><span class="comment">装饰函数名实际上应更有意义些'''</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span><span class="keyword">def</span><span> deco(arg): </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">def</span><span> _deco(func): </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">def</span><span> __deco(): </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">"before %s called [%s]."</span><span> % (func.__name__, arg)) </span></span></li><li><span> func() </span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">" after %s called [%s]."</span><span> % (func.__name__, arg)) </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">return</span><span> __deco </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">return</span><span> _deco </span></span></li><li><span><span class="decorator"></span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="decorator">@deco</span><span>(</span><span class="string">"mymodule"</span><span>) </span></span></li><li><span><span class="keyword">def</span><span> myfunc(): </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">" myfunc() called."</span><span>) </span></span></li><li><span><span class="decorator"></span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="decorator">@deco</span><span>(</span><span class="string">"module2"</span><span>) </span></span></li><li><span><span class="keyword">def</span><span> myfunc2(): </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">" myfunc2() called."</span><span>) </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>myfunc() </span></li><li><span>myfunc2() </span></li></ol><div class="save_code tracking-ad" style="display: none;" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" alt="" /></a></div></div><pre class="python" style="display: none;" name="code"># -*- coding:gbk -*-
'''示例7: 在示例4的基础上，让装饰器带参数，
和上一示例相比在外层多了一层包装。
装饰函数名实际上应更有意义些'''
def deco(arg):
def _deco(func):
def __deco():
print("before %s called [%s]." % (func.__name__, arg))
func()
print(" after %s called [%s]." % (func.__name__, arg))
return __deco
return _deco
@deco("mymodule")
def myfunc():
print(" myfunc() called.")
@deco("module2")
def myfunc2():
print(" myfunc2() called.")
myfunc()
myfunc2()
第八步：让装饰器带 类 参数
<div class="dp-highlighter bg_python"><div class="bar"><div class="tools"><strong>[python]</strong> <a target=_blank title="view plain" class="ViewSource" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">view plain</a><span data-mod="popu_168"> <a target=_blank title="copy" class="CopyToClipboard" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">copy</a></span><div style="left: 630px; top: 3647px; width: 21px; height: 11px; position: absolute; z-index: 99;"></div><span data-mod="popu_169"> <a target=_blank title="print" class="PrintSource" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">print</a></span><a target=_blank title="?" class="About" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">?</a></div></div><ol class="dp-py"><li class="alt"><span><span class="comment"># -*- coding:gbk -*-</span><span> </span></span></li><li><span><span class="string">''</span><span class="comment">'''示例8: 装饰器带类参数'''</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span><span class="keyword">class</span><span> locker: </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">def</span><span> __init__(</span><span class="special">self</span><span>): </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">"locker.__init__() should be not called."</span><span>) </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="decorator"> </span> </span></li><li><span><span class="decorator"> @staticmethod</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">def</span><span> acquire(): </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">"locker.acquire() called.（这是静态方法）"</span><span>) </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="decorator"> </span> </span></li><li><span><span class="decorator"> @staticmethod</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">def</span><span> release(): </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">" locker.release() called.（不需要对象实例）"</span><span>) </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span><span class="keyword">def</span><span> deco(</span><span class="special">cls</span><span>): </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="string">''</span><span class="comment">'''cls 必须实现acquire和release静态方法'''</span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">def</span><span> _deco(func): </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">def</span><span> __deco(): </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">"before %s called [%s]."</span><span> % (func.__name__, </span><span class="special">cls</span><span>)) </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="special">cls</span><span>.acquire() </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">try</span><span>: </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">return</span><span> func() </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">finally</span><span>: </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="special">cls</span><span>.release() </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">return</span><span> __deco </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">return</span><span> _deco </span></span></li><li><span><span class="decorator"></span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="decorator">@deco</span><span>(locker) </span></span></li><li><span><span class="keyword">def</span><span> myfunc(): </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">" myfunc() called."</span><span>) </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>myfunc() </span></li><li><span>myfunc() </span></li></ol><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" alt="" /></a></div></div><pre class="python" style="display: none;" name="code"># -*- coding:gbk -*-
'''示例8: 装饰器带类参数'''
class locker:
def __init__(self):
print("locker.__init__() should be not called.")
@staticmethod
def acquire():
print("locker.acquire() called.（这是静态方法）")
@staticmethod
def release():
print(" locker.release() called.（不需要对象实例）")
def deco(cls):
'''cls 必须实现acquire和release静态方法'''
def _deco(func):
def __deco():
print("before %s called [%s]." % (func.__name__, cls))
cls.acquire()
try:
return func()
finally:
cls.release()
return __deco
return _deco
@deco(locker)
def myfunc():
print(" myfunc() called.")
myfunc()
myfunc()
第九步：装饰器带类参数，并分拆公共类到其他py文件中，同时演示了对一个函数应用多个装饰器
<div class="dp-highlighter bg_python"><div class="bar"><div class="tools"><strong>[python]</strong> <a target=_blank title="view plain" class="ViewSource" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">view plain</a><span data-mod="popu_168"> <a target=_blank title="copy" class="CopyToClipboard" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">copy</a></span><div style="left: 630px; top: 4396px; width: 21px; height: 11px; position: absolute; z-index: 99;"></div><span data-mod="popu_169"> <a target=_blank title="print" class="PrintSource" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">print</a></span><a target=_blank title="?" class="About" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">?</a></div></div><ol class="dp-py"><li class="alt"><span><span class="comment"># -*- coding:gbk -*-</span><span> </span></span></li><li><span><span class="string">''</span><span class="comment">'''mylocker.py: 公共类 for 示例9.py'''</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span><span class="keyword">class</span><span> mylocker: </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">def</span><span> __init__(</span><span class="special">self</span><span>): </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">"mylocker.__init__() called."</span><span>) </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="decorator"> </span> </span></li><li><span><span class="decorator"> @staticmethod</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">def</span><span> acquire(): </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">"mylocker.acquire() called."</span><span>) </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="decorator"> </span> </span></li><li><span><span class="decorator"> @staticmethod</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">def</span><span> unlock(): </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">" mylocker.unlock() called."</span><span>) </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span><span class="keyword">class</span><span> lockerex(mylocker): </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="decorator"> @staticmethod</span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">def</span><span> acquire(): </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">"lockerex.acquire() called."</span><span>) </span></span></li><li><span><span class="decorator"> </span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="decorator"> @staticmethod</span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">def</span><span> unlock(): </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">" lockerex.unlock() called."</span><span>) </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="keyword">def</span><span> lockhelper(</span><span class="special">cls</span><span>): </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="string">''</span><span class="comment">'''cls 必须实现acquire和release静态方法'''</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">def</span><span> _deco(func): </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">def</span><span> __deco(*args, **kwargs): </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">"before %s called."</span><span> % func.__name__) </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="special">cls</span><span>.acquire() </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">try</span><span>: </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">return</span><span> func(*args, **kwargs) </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">finally</span><span>: </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="special">cls</span><span>.unlock() </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">return</span><span> __deco </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">return</span><span> _deco </span></span></li></ol><div class="save_code tracking-ad" style="display: none;" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" alt="" /></a></div></div><pre class="python" style="display: none;" name="code"># -*- coding:gbk -*-
'''mylocker.py: 公共类 for 示例9.py'''
class mylocker:
def __init__(self):
print("mylocker.__init__() called.")
@staticmethod
def acquire():
print("mylocker.acquire() called.")
@staticmethod
def unlock():
print(" mylocker.unlock() called.")
class lockerex(mylocker):
@staticmethod
def acquire():
print("lockerex.acquire() called.")
@staticmethod
def unlock():
print(" lockerex.unlock() called.")
def lockhelper(cls):
'''cls 必须实现acquire和release静态方法'''
def _deco(func):
def __deco(*args, **kwargs):
print("before %s called." % func.__name__)
cls.acquire()
try:
return func(*args, **kwargs)
finally:
cls.unlock()
return __deco
return _deco
<div class="dp-highlighter bg_python"><div class="bar"><div class="tools"><strong>[python]</strong> <a target=_blank title="view plain" class="ViewSource" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">view plain</a><span data-mod="popu_168"> <a target=_blank title="copy" class="CopyToClipboard" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">copy</a></span><div style="left: 630px; top: 5111px; width: 21px; height: 11px; position: absolute; z-index: 99;"></div><span data-mod="popu_169"> <a target=_blank title="print" class="PrintSource" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">print</a></span><a target=_blank title="?" class="About" href="http://blog.csdn.net/dreamcoding/article/details/8611578#">?</a></div></div><ol class="dp-py"><li class="alt"><span><span class="comment"># -*- coding:gbk -*-</span><span> </span></span></li><li><span><span class="string">''</span><span class="comment">'''示例9: 装饰器带类参数，并分拆公共类到其他py文件中</span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="comment">同时演示了对一个函数应用多个装饰器'''</span><span> </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="keyword">from</span><span> mylocker </span><span class="keyword">import</span><span> * </span></span></li><li><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="keyword">class</span><span> example: </span></span></li><li><span><span class="decorator"> @lockhelper</span><span>(mylocker) </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">def</span><span> myfunc(</span><span class="special">self</span><span>): </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">" myfunc() called."</span><span>) </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="decorator"></span> </span></li><li><span><span class="decorator"> @lockhelper</span><span>(mylocker) </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="decorator"> @lockhelper</span><span>(lockerex) </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">def</span><span> myfunc2(</span><span class="special">self</span><span>, a, b): </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(</span><span class="string">" myfunc2() called."</span><span>) </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">return</span><span> a + b </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li><span><span class="keyword">if</span><span> __name__==</span><span class="string">"__main__"</span><span>: </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> a = example() </span></li><li><span> a.myfunc() </span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(a.myfunc()) </span></span></li><li><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(a.myfunc2(</span><span class="number">1</span><span>, </span><span class="number">2</span><span>)) </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">print</span><span>(a.myfunc2(</span><span class="number">3</span><span>, </span><span class="number">4</span><span>)) </span></span></li></ol><div class="save_code tracking-ad" style="display: none;" data-mod="popu_249"><a target=_blank target="_blank"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png" alt="" /></a></div></div><pre class="python" style="display: none;" name="code"># -*- coding:gbk -*-
'''示例9: 装饰器带类参数，并分拆公共类到其他py文件中
同时演示了对一个函数应用多个装饰器'''
from mylocker import *
class example:
@lockhelper(mylocker)
def myfunc(self):
print(" myfunc() called.")
@lockhelper(mylocker)
@lockhelper(lockerex)
def myfunc2(self, a, b):
print(" myfunc2() called.")
return a + b
if __name__=="__main__":
a = example()
a.myfunc()
print(a.myfunc())
print(a.myfunc2(1, 2))
print(a.myfunc2(3, 4))
下面是参考资料，当初有不少地方没看明白，真正练习后才明白些：
1. Python装饰器学习 http://blog.csdn.NET/thy38/article/details/4471421
2. Python装饰器与面向切面编程 http://www.cnblogs.com/huxi/archive/2011/03/01/1967600.html
3. Python装饰器的理解 http://apps.hi.baidu.com/share/detail/17572338
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