JDK中提供的Timer是比Quartz更为简单的调度方法,当然,Quartz提供了更为强大的功能。相比Timer,Quartz独有的特性包括:
1、支持持久性作业。Quartz允许将作业状态持久化,在应用服务器重启之间,也能够保持一致的作业状态。
2、类Cron的定时支持。通过Quartz的CronTrigger,Quartz允许使用类似Unix调度的方式来制定作业何时执行。而Timer只允许执行时间和间隔的规范。
3、线程处理模型。Timer是使用单线程实现作业,而Quartz使用线程池来执行作业。线程池的大小以及实现都可以用Quartz属性来制定。
4、提供成熟的事件模型,用于监控调度系统的各个方面包括调度器,触发器和作业。
5、另外Quartz还提供了哑火指令用于指定当任务没有正常激活该做什么。提供了插件支持,提供了servlet用以初始化。
Spring Quartz任务调度示例
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
public class TJob {
private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(this.getClass().getName());
public void doAuth(){
logger.info("开始进行任务调度,验证信息:");
}
}
<! DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd" >
< beans >
<!-- 要调度的对象 -->
< bean id ="job" class ="com.xzl.quartz.TJob" ></ bean >
<!-- 定义目标bean和bean中的方法 -->
< bean id ="jobtask" class ="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean" >
< property name ="targetObject" >
< ref local ="job" />
</ property >
< property name ="targetMethod" >
< value > doAuth </ value >
</ property >
</ bean >
<!-- 定义触发的时间 -->
< bean id = "cron" class = "org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean" >
< property name ="jobDetail" >
< ref bean ="jobtask" />
</ property >
< property name ="cronExpression" >
< value > * * 18 * * ? </ value >
</ property >
</ bean >
<!-- 总管理 -->
< bean autowire = "no" class = "org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean" >
< property name ="triggers" >
< list >
< ref local ="cron" />
</ list >
</ property >
</ bean >
</ beans >
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Test {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("测试开始");
ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("JobQuartz.xml");
System.out.println("测试结束");
}
}
3.进行测试,只要加载JobQuartz.xml
4.需要加入spring.jar quartz-all-1.6.0.jar log4j-1.2.14.jar commons-collections.jar jta.jar commons-logging.jar这几个包
# For JBoss: Avoid to setup Log4J outside $JBOSS_HOME/server/default/deploy/log4j.xml!
# For all other servers: Comment out the Log4J listener in web.xml to activate Log4J.
log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout, logfile
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - <%m>%n
log4j.appender.logfile=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.logfile.File=logs\\test.log
log4j.appender.logfile.MaxFileSize=512KB
# Keep three backup files.
log4j.appender.logfile.MaxBackupIndex=3
# Pattern to output: date priority [category] - message
log4j.appender.logfile.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.logfile.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n
5.以上是log4j.properties内容
第二个方法
当你新建web project ,导入spring的相关包后,还需要导入 spring.jar, quartz-all-1.6.1.jar , commons-collections-3.2.1.jar .
(把项目中commons-collections.jar删掉,版本太低)
一:新建jobDetail类 ,只需要继承QuartzJobBean
package com.justtide.quartz;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;
public class TestQuartz extends QuartzJobBean{
@Override
protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext arg0)
throws JobExecutionException {
SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd hh-mm-ss");
Date date = new Date();
String now = format.format(date);
System.out.println(now);
}
}
二:在applicationContext.xml中配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
<!-- 要调度的对象 -->
<bean id="jobDetail" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailBean">
<property name="jobClass">
<value>com.justtide.quartz.TestQuartz</value>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 定义触发的时间 -->
<bean id="cron" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean">
<property name="jobDetail">
<ref bean="jobDetail"/>
</property>
<property name="cronExpression">
<value>0/5 * * * * ?</value> <!--每隔五秒钟触发一次-->
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 定义触发器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">
<property name="triggers">
<list>
<ref bean="cron"/>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
三:测试类
package com.justtide.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.FileSystemXmlApplicationContext;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext act = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
}
}
可能会报 applicationContext.xml 没找到,参照以前写的博客,这里的话也可以直接将applicationContext.xml拖到src目录下
两种方式配置区别
我使用的是Maven来管理项目,需要的Jar包我给大家贴出来。
quartz-1.8.5.jar
commons-logging.jar
spring-core-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
spring-beans-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
spring-context-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
spring-context-support-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
spring-asm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
spring-expression-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
spring.transaction-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
spring-web-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
Maven的pom.xml的配置:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
- <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
- <groupId>QtzTest</groupId>
- <artifactId>QtzTest</artifactId>
- <version>1.0</version>
- <properties>
- <springframework.version>3.0.5.RELEASE</springframework.version>
- </properties>
- <dependencies>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
- <version>${springframework.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
- <version>${springframework.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
- <version>${springframework.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
- <version>${springframework.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
- <artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
- <version>1.8.5</version>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
- <build>
- <finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
- <plugins>
- <plugin>
- <groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
- <artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
- <version>7.5.4.v20111024</version>
- <configuration>
- <scanIntervalSeconds>10</scanIntervalSeconds>
- <webApp>
- <contextPath>/${project.artifactId}</contextPath>
- </webApp>
- </configuration>
- </plugin>
- </plugins>
- </build>
- </project>
特别注意一点,与Spring3.1以下版本整合必须使用Quartz1,最初我拿2.1.3的,怎么搞都报错:
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.CannotLoadBeanClassException: Error loading class [org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean] for bean with name 'mytrigger' defined in class path resource [applicationContext.xml]: problem with class file or dependent class; nested exception is java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: class org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean has interface org.quartz.CronTrigger as super class
查看发现spring3.0.5中org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean继承了org.quartz.CronTrigger(public class CronTriggerBeanextends CronTrigger),而在quartz2.1.3中org.quartz.CronTrigger是个接口(publicabstract interface CronTrigger extends Trigger),而在quartz1.8.5及1.8.4中org.quartz.CronTrigger是个类(publicclass CronTrigger extends Trigger),从而造成无法在applicationContext中配置触发器。这是spring3.1以下版本和quartz2版本不兼容的一个bug。(感谢tiren的回复,spring3.1以及以后版本支持quartz2)
在Spring中使用Quartz有两种方式实现:第一种是任务类继承QuartzJobBean,第二种则是在配置文件里定义任务类和要执行的方法,类和方法仍然是普通类。很显然,第二种方式远比第一种方式来的灵活。
第一种方式的JAVA代码:
- package com.ncs.hj;
- import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
- import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
- import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;
- public class SpringQtz extends QuartzJobBean{
- private static int counter = 0;
- protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
- System.out.println();
- long ms = System.currentTimeMillis();
- System.out.println("\t\t" + new Date(ms));
- System.out.println(ms);
- System.out.println("(" + counter++ + ")");
- String s = (String) context.getMergedJobDataMap().get("service");
- System.out.println(s);
- System.out.println();
- }
- }
第二种方式的JAVA代码:
- package com.ncs.hj;
- import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
- import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
- import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;
- import java.util.Date;
- public class SpringQtz {
- private static int counter = 0;
- protected void execute() {
- long ms = System.currentTimeMillis();
- System.out.println("\t\t" + new Date(ms));
- System.out.println("(" + counter++ + ")");
- }
- }
Spring的配置文件:
- <!------------ 配置调度程序quartz ,其中配置JobDetail有两种方式-------------->
- <!--方式一:使用JobDetailBean,任务类必须实现Job接口 -->
- <bean id="myjob" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailBean">
- <property name="name" value="exampleJob"></property>
- <property name="jobClass" value="com.ncs.hj.SpringQtz"></property>
- <property name="jobDataAsMap">
- <map>
- <entry key="service"><value>simple is the beat</value></entry>
- </map>
- ;/property>
- </bean>
- <!--运行时请将方式一注释掉! -->
- <!-- 方式二:使用MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean,任务类可以不实现Job接口,通过targetMethod指定调用方法-->
- <!-- 定义目标bean和bean中的方法 -->
- <bean id="SpringQtzJob" class="com.ncs.hj.SpringQtz"/>
- <bean id="SpringQtzJobMethod" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean">
- <property name="targetObject">
- <ref bean="SpringQtzJob"/>
- </property>
- <property name="targetMethod"> <!-- 要执行的方法名称 -->
- <value>execute</value>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <!-- ======================== 调度触发器 ======================== -->
- <bean id="CronTriggerBean" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean">
- <property name="jobDetail" ref="SpringQtzJobMethod"></property>
- <property name="cronExpression" value="0/5 * * * * ?"></property>
- </bean>
- <!-- ======================== 调度工厂 ======================== -->
- <bean id="SpringJobSchedulerFactoryBean" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">
- <property name="triggers">
- <list>
- <ref bean="CronTriggerBean"/>
- </list>
- </property>
- </bean>
关于cronExpression表达式,这里讲解一下:
字段 允许值 允许的特殊字符
秒 0-59 , - * /
分 0-59 , - * /
小时 0-23 , - * /
日期 1-31 , - * ? / L W C
月份 1-12 或者 JAN-DEC , - * /
星期 1-7 或者 SUN-SAT , - * ? / L C #
年(可选) 留空, 1970-2099 , - * /
表达式意义
"0 0 12 * * ?" 每天中午12点触发
"0 15 10 ? * *" 每天上午10:15触发
"0 15 10 * * ?" 每天上午10:15触发
"0 15 10 * * ? *" 每天上午10:15触发
"0 15 10 * * ? 2005" 2005年的每天上午10:15触发
"0 * 14 * * ?" 在每天下午2点到下午2:59期间的每1分钟触发
"0 0/5 14 * * ?" 在每天下午2点到下午2:55期间的每5分钟触发
"0 0/5 14,18 * * ?" 在每天下午2点到2:55期间和下午6点到6:55期间的每5分钟触发
"0 0-5 14 * * ?" 在每天下午2点到下午2:05期间的每1分钟触发
"0 10,44 14 ? 3 WED" 每年三月的星期三的下午2:10和2:44触发
"0 15 10 ? * MON-FRI" 周一至周五的上午10:15触发
"0 15 10 15 * ?" 每月15日上午10:15触发
"0 15 10 L * ?" 每月最后一日的上午10:15触发
"0 15 10 ? * 6L" 每月的最后一个星期五上午10:15触发
"0 15 10 ? * 6L 2002-2005" 2002年至2005年的每月的最后一个星期五上午10:15触发
"0 15 10 ? * 6#3" 每月的第三个星期五上午10:15触发
每天早上6点
0 6 * * *
每两个小时
0 */2 * * *
晚上11点到早上8点之间每两个小时,早上八点
0 23-7/2,8 * * *
每个月的4号和每个礼拜的礼拜一到礼拜三的早上11点
0 11 4 * 1-3
1月1日早上4点
0 4 1 1 *
最后别忘了在web.xml里面配置Spring:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
- http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
- version="2.5">
- <welcome-file-list>
- <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
- </welcome-file-list>
- <context-param>
- <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
- <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-config.xml</param-value>
- </context-param>
- <listener>
- <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
- </listener>
- </web-app>
运行结果:
Wed Feb 08 13:58:30 CST 2012
(0)
Wed Feb 08 13:58:35 CST 2012
(1)
Wed Feb 08 13:58:40 CST 2012
(2)
Wed Feb 08 13:58:45 CST 2012
(3)
Wed Feb 08 13:58:50 CST 2012
(4)
Wed Feb 08 13:58:55 CST 2012
(5)
Wed Feb 08 13:59:00 CST 2012
(6)
quartz + spring定时任务调度
最近要用到squartz来配置定时任务调度,网上搜了许多资料,也查了许多实例代码,大抵基本的调度代码都如下所示:
如下代码转自:http://blog.csdn.net/sambino/article/details/3934670,sambino的专栏。
1. javabean类
在Test.QuartzJob中
package Test;
public class QuartzJob {
public void work()
{
System.out.println("Quartz的任务调度!!!");
}
}
2. 设置Spring的xml
我新建了一个applicationContext_quartz.xml,内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-2.0.xsd">
<!-- 要调用的工作类 -->
<bean id="quartzJob" class="Test.QuartzJob"></bean>
<!-- 定义调用对象和调用对象的方法 -->
<bean id="jobtask" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean">
<!-- 调用的类 -->
<property name="targetObject">
<ref bean="quartzJob"/>
</property>
<!-- 调用类中的方法 -->
<property name="targetMethod">
<value>work</value>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 定义触发时间 -->
<bean id="doTime" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean">
<property name="jobDetail">
<ref bean="jobtask"/>
</property>
<!-- cron表达式 -->
<property name="cronExpression">
<!-- 每隔10秒执行一次-->
<value>0/10 * * * * ?</value>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 总管理类 如果将lazy-init='false'那么容器启动就会执行调度程序 -->
<bean id="startQuertz" lazy-init="false" autowire="no" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">
<property name="triggers">
<list>
<ref bean="doTime"/>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
3. 设置web.xml对Spring加载
<!-- 加载spring -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>
/WEB-INF/classes/applicationContext*.xml
</param-value>
</context-param>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>context</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderServlet
</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
注意:1.导入quartz-all-1.5.2.jar 下载http://download.csdn.net/source/1026766
2.导入spring.jar(我用的是spring2.0以前的版本) 下载http://download.csdn.net/source/1041819
如果不导入的话
org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean
org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean
org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean
spring中的这三个类找不到,spring不能正常加载,由于第一次使用Quartz,我就是当时忽略了这一点,浪费了很多时间来调配置,其实配置一点没有错误。
3. 你会问为什么用spring后就不用
quartz.properties
quartz-jobsxml
这两个文件了么?
我回答:是的,它会自动找到quartz包中默认的这两个文件,如果你有特殊需要,也可以自己定义这两个文件。
附:quartz.properties
#
# Configure Main Scheduler Properties
#
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceName = TestScheduler
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceId = one
#
# Configure ThreadPool
#
org.quartz.threadPool.class = org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool
org.quartz.threadPool.threadCount = 5
org.quartz.threadPool.threadPriority = 4
#
# Configure JobStore
#
#org.quartz.jobStore.misfireThreshold = 5000
#org.quartz.jobStore.class = org.quartz.simpl.RAMJobStore
# ===========================================================================
# Configure SchedulerPlugins ===============================================
# ===========================================================================
#org.quartz.plugin.triggHistory.class = org.quartz.plugins.history.LoggingTriggerHistoryPlugin
#org.quartz.plugin.triggHistory.triggerFiredMessage = Trigger {1}.{0} fired job {6}.{5} at: {4, date, HH:mm:ss MM/dd/yyyy}
#org.quartz.plugin.triggHistory.triggerCompleteMessage = Trigger {1}.{0} completed firing job {6}.{5} at {4, date, HH:mm:ss MM/dd/yyyy} with resulting trigger instruction code: {9}
org.quartz.plugin.jobInitializer.class = org.quartz.plugins.xml.JobInitializationPlugin
org.quartz.plugin.jobInitializer.fileName =quartz_jobs.xml
org.quartz.plugin.jobInitializer.overWriteExistingJobs = false
org.quartz.plugin.jobInitializer.failOnFileNotFound = true
org.quartz.plugin.shutdownhook.class = org.quartz.plugins.management.ShutdownHookPlugin
org.quartz.plugin.shutdownhook.cleanShutdown = true
系统会根据配置文件找到quartz_jobs.xml
配置之后,发现总是报错:
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean#0' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/spring/applicationContext-others.xml]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is org.quartz.SchedulerConfigException: Failure occured during job recovery. [See nested exception: org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.LockException: Failure obtaining db row lock: Table 'lbassnew.qrtz_locks' doesn't exist [See nested exception: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'lbassnew.qrtz_locks' doesn't exist]]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1420)
浏览了一翻配置文件,发现项目原先已经有相关的quartz配置代码,于是将自己配置的SchedulerFactoryBean去掉,直接将配置的调度器放入已有的SchedulerFactoryBean中,启动,无错。
其次,在配置调度时间的时候,如果配置的启动时间为:0 50-55 16 * * ?那么,即时配置的 <property name="concurrent" value="true"/> ,启动之后也需要等待到配置的时间才会启动任务。特此记录。
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>
/WEB-INF/JobQuartz.xml
</param-value>
</context-param>