【QT】QHostInfo 和 QNetworkInterface 的使用

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已于 2023-04-06 10:09:37 修改

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分类专栏：怎样学好QT 文章标签： qt 开发语言 c++

于 2023-02-10 14:31:18 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/wl0616/article/details/128870156

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1. Qt网络模块

使用Qt网络模块，需要在配置文件.pro中添加：

Qt += network

2. QHostInfo

2.1 公共函数

QList<QHostAddress> addresses() 返回与hostName()主机关联的Ip地址列表

QString hostName() 返回已查询其IP地址的主机的名称

int lookupId() 返回本次查找的ID

QHostInfoError error() 若主机查找失败，返回失败类型

QString errorString() 若主机查找失败，返回错误描述字符串

2.2 静态函数

QString localHostName() 返回本机的主机名

QHostInfo fromName(QString& name) 通过主机名获取IP地址

QString localDomainName() 返回本机的DNS域名

int lookupHost(QString& name, QObject* receiver, char* member) 以异步方式根据主机名查找主机IP地址，返回本次查找的ID，用于abortHostLookup()

void abortHostLookup(int id) 用lookupHost()返回的ID ID中止主机查找

3. QNetworkInterface

3.1 公共函数

QList<QNetworkAddressEntry> addressEntries() 返回该网络接口（包括子网掩码和广播地址）的IP地址列表

QString hardwareAddress() 返回该接口的低级硬件地址，以太网里就是MAC地址

QString name() 返回网络接口名称

QString humanReadableName() 返回可以读懂的接口名称，如果名称不确定，得到的就是name()函数的返回值

bool isValid() 若接口信息有效就返回true

3.2 静态函数

QList<QHostAddress> allAddresses() 返回主机上所有IP地址的列表

QList<QNetworkInterface> allInterfaces() 返回主机上所有接口的网络列表
一个网络接口可能包含多个IP地址，每个IP地址与掩码或广播地址关联。如果无需知道子网掩码和广播的Ip地址，可以使用allAdresses()获得主机的所有IP地址列表

4. 代码示例

Dialog.h

#ifndef DIALOG_H
#define DIALOG_H

#include <QCheckBox>
#include <QDialog>
#include <QGridLayout>
#include <QHostInfo>
#include <QLineEdit>
#include <QNetworkInterface>
#include <QPlainTextEdit>
#include <QPushButton>

namespace Ui {
    class Dialog;
}

class Dialog : public QDialog {
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    explicit Dialog(QWidget* parent = 0);
    ~Dialog();

private:
    //根据QAbstractSocket::NetworkLayerProtocol的枚举类型，返回协议名称的字符串
    QString protocolType(QAbstractSocket::NetworkLayerProtocol protocol);

private slots:
    void slotBtnGetHostInfoClicked();
    void slotBtnLookupHostInfoClicked();
    void slotLookupHostInfo(const QHostInfo& host);
    void slotBtnAllInterfaceClicked();
    void slotBtnAllAddressClicked();
    void slotClearTextClicked();

private:
    Ui::Dialog* ui;
    QPushButton* m_pBtnGetHostInfo;
    QCheckBox* m_pCheckIPv4;
    QPushButton* m_pBtnLookupHostInfo;
    QLineEdit* m_pEditHost;
    QPushButton* m_pBtnAllInterface;
    QPushButton* m_pBtnAllAddress;
    QPlainTextEdit* m_pTextShowInfo;
    QPushButton* m_pClearText;
};

#endif  // DIALOG_H

Dialog.cpp

#include "dialog.h"

#include "ui_dialog.h"

Dialog::Dialog(QWidget* parent) : QDialog(parent), ui(new Ui::Dialog) {
    ui->setupUi(this);
    this->setWindowTitle(QStringLiteral("网络主机信息"));

    //    m_pBtnGetHostInfo = new QPushButton(this);
    //    m_pBtnGetHostInfo->setText(QStringLiteral("获取本机主机名和IP地址"));
    m_pBtnGetHostInfo = new QPushButton(QStringLiteral("获取本机主机名和IP地址"), this);
    m_pCheckIPv4 = new QCheckBox(QStringLiteral("只显示IPv4协议地址"), this);
    m_pCheckIPv4->setCheckState(Qt::Checked);
    m_pCheckIPv4->setLayoutDirection(Qt::RightToLeft);  //更改复选框的位置在右边
    m_pBtnLookupHostInfo = new QPushButton(QStringLiteral("查找域名的IP地址"), this);
    m_pEditHost = new QLineEdit(QStringLiteral("www.baidu.com"), this);
    m_pBtnAllInterface = new QPushButton(QStringLiteral("QNetworkInterface::allInterface"), this);
    m_pBtnAllAddress = new QPushButton(QStringLiteral("QNetworkInterface::allAddress"), this);
    QGridLayout* GLay1 = new QGridLayout();
    GLay1->addWidget(m_pBtnGetHostInfo, 0, 0);
    GLay1->addWidget(m_pCheckIPv4, 0, 1, Qt::AlignHCenter);
    GLay1->addWidget(m_pBtnLookupHostInfo, 1, 0);
    GLay1->addWidget(m_pEditHost, 1, 1);
    GLay1->addWidget(m_pBtnAllInterface, 2, 0);
    GLay1->addWidget(m_pBtnAllAddress, 2, 1);

    m_pTextShowInfo = new QPlainTextEdit(this);
    m_pClearText = new QPushButton(QStringLiteral("清空文本框"), this);

    QGridLayout* GLay = new QGridLayout(this);
    GLay->addLayout(GLay1, 0, 0);
    GLay->addWidget(m_pTextShowInfo);
    GLay->addWidget(m_pClearText);

    connect(m_pBtnGetHostInfo, &QPushButton::clicked, this, &Dialog::slotBtnGetHostInfoClicked);
    connect(m_pBtnLookupHostInfo, &QPushButton::clicked, this, &Dialog::slotBtnLookupHostInfoClicked);
    connect(m_pBtnAllInterface, &QPushButton::clicked, this, &Dialog::slotBtnAllInterfaceClicked);
    connect(m_pBtnAllAddress, &QPushButton::clicked, this, &Dialog::slotBtnAllAddressClicked);
    connect(m_pClearText, &QPushButton::clicked, this, &Dialog::slotClearTextClicked);
}

Dialog::~Dialog() { delete ui; }

QString Dialog::protocolType(QAbstractSocket::NetworkLayerProtocol protocol) {
    //通过协议类型返回协议名称
    switch (protocol) {
        case QAbstractSocket::IPv4Protocol: return "IPv4 Protocol";
        case QAbstractSocket::IPv6Protocol: return "IPv6 Protocol";
        case QAbstractSocket::AnyIPProtocol: return "Any IP Protocol";
        default: return "Unknow Network Layer Protocol";
    }
}

void Dialog::slotBtnGetHostInfoClicked() {
    QString hostName = QHostInfo::localHostName();  //本地主机名
    m_pTextShowInfo->appendPlainText("本地主机名：" + hostName + "\n");
    QHostInfo hostIP = QHostInfo::fromName(hostName);  //本机IP
    QList<QHostAddress> addList = hostIP.addresses();  // IP地址列表
    if (!addList.isEmpty()) {
        for (int i = 0; i < addList.count(); i++) {
            QHostAddress ipAddr = addList.at(i);  //每一项是一个QHostAddress
            bool isCheck = m_pCheckIPv4->isChecked();
            if (isCheck)
                isCheck = (QAbstractSocket::IPv4Protocol == ipAddr.protocol());  //只显示IPv4
            else
                isCheck = true;
            if (isCheck) {
                m_pTextShowInfo->appendPlainText("协议：" + protocolType(ipAddr.protocol()));
                m_pTextShowInfo->appendPlainText("本机IP地址：" + ipAddr.toString());
            }
        }
        m_pTextShowInfo->appendPlainText("-----------------------------");
    }
}

void Dialog::slotBtnLookupHostInfoClicked() {
    QString hostName = m_pEditHost->text();
    m_pTextShowInfo->appendPlainText("正在查找主机信息：" + hostName);
    QHostInfo::lookupHost(hostName, this, SLOT(slotLookupHostInfo(QHostInfo)));  // SLOT方式的槽函数需注明参数类型
}

void Dialog::slotLookupHostInfo(const QHostInfo& host) {
    QList<QHostAddress> addList = host.addresses();
    if (!addList.isEmpty()) {
        for (int i = 0; i < addList.count(); i++) {
            QHostAddress hostAddr = addList.at(i);
            bool isCheck = m_pCheckIPv4->isChecked();
            if (isCheck)
                isCheck = (QAbstractSocket::IPv4Protocol == hostAddr.protocol());
            else
                isCheck = true;
            if (isCheck) {
                m_pTextShowInfo->appendPlainText("协议：" + protocolType(hostAddr.protocol()));
                m_pTextShowInfo->appendPlainText("IP地址：" + hostAddr.toString());
            }
        }
        m_pTextShowInfo->appendPlainText("-----------------------------");
    }
}

void Dialog::slotBtnAllInterfaceClicked() {
    QList<QNetworkInterface> interfaceList = QNetworkInterface::allInterfaces();
    if (interfaceList.isEmpty())
        return;
    for (int i = 0; i < interfaceList.count(); i++) {
        QNetworkInterface aInterface = interfaceList.at(i);
        if (!aInterface.isValid())
            continue;
        m_pTextShowInfo->appendPlainText("设备名称：" + aInterface.humanReadableName());
        m_pTextShowInfo->appendPlainText("硬件地址：" + aInterface.hardwareAddress() + "\n");
        QList<QNetworkAddressEntry> entryList = aInterface.addressEntries();
        if (entryList.isEmpty())
            return;
        for (int i = 0; i < entryList.count(); i++) {
            QNetworkAddressEntry aEntry = entryList.at(i);
            m_pTextShowInfo->appendPlainText("IP地址：" + aEntry.ip().toString());
            m_pTextShowInfo->appendPlainText("子网掩码：" + aEntry.netmask().toString());
            m_pTextShowInfo->appendPlainText("广播地址：" + aEntry.broadcast().toString() + "\n");
        }
    }
    m_pTextShowInfo->appendPlainText("-----------------------------");
}

void Dialog::slotBtnAllAddressClicked() {
    QList<QHostAddress> addList = QNetworkInterface::allAddresses();
    if (addList.isEmpty())
        return;
    for (int i = 0; i < addList.count(); i++) {
        QHostAddress aHost = addList.at(i);
        bool show = m_pCheckIPv4->isChecked();
        if (show)
            show = QAbstractSocket::IPv4Protocol == aHost.protocol();
        else
            show = true;
        if (show) {
            m_pTextShowInfo->appendPlainText("协议：" + protocolType(aHost.protocol()));
            m_pTextShowInfo->appendPlainText("IP地址：" + aHost.toString());
        }
    }
    m_pTextShowInfo->appendPlainText("-----------------------------");
}

void Dialog::slotClearTextClicked() { m_pTextShowInfo->clear(); }