博客Demo地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/wl1769127285/9649451
android6.0之后,google对android权限的管理做了一些改变,6.0之前用户必须在安装时同意相应的权限,而在6.0之后,用户可以用户可以直接安装程序,不需要任何权限,在使用过程中再决定是否给予某些隐私权限。
android 6.0之后需要动态申请的权限如下:
group:android.permission-group.SMS
permission:android.permission.READ_SMS
permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS
permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS
group:android.permission-group.PHONE
permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE
permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG
permission:android.permission.USE_SIP
permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL
group:android.permission-group.CAMERA
permission:android.permission.CAMERA
group:android.permission-group.STORAGE
permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS
permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS
group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR
permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR
group:android.permission-group.SENSORS
permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS
group:android.permission-group.LOCATION
permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE
permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
权限被分为多组,当你获取改组中的一个权限时,相应的也获取到了该组中的其他权限,比如你获取到READ_SMS则也就获取到SEND_SMS权限。
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) {
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this,
Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE)) {
Toast.makeText(this, "若不通过此权限则无法打电话", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE}, 100);
} else {
callPhone();
}
}
public void callPhone() {
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL);
Uri data = Uri.parse("tel:" + "10000");
intent.setData(data);
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
Toast.makeText(this, "缺少拨打电话权限", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
return;
}
startActivity(intent);
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
if (requestCode == 100) {
if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
callPhone();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "用户拒绝授予此权限", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "授权失败", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
}
代码分析:
1、调用打电话时,会首先执行检查权限的方法ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission
2、若有权限则ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission返回PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED,这时可以正常拨打电话;
3、若没权限这ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission返回PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED,这时需要通过如下方法请求权限:
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE}, 100);
4、请求后,回弹出权限请求的Dialog(该弹框是系统弹框,无法自定义),用户同意或不通用都会回调onRequestPermissionResult方法
5、如用户未授予此权限,下次再来申请时会执行如下方法:
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this,
Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE)) {
Toast.makeText(this, "若不通过此权限则无法打电话", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
此时,ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale()方法返回true,可以在此告诉用户为什么一定需要这个权限,弹框、提示框均可,主要看逻辑处理
Fragment中运行时权限的特殊处理
在Fragment中申请权限,不要使用ActivityCompat.requestPermissions, 直接使用Fragment的requestPermissions方法,否则会回调到Activity的 onRequestPermissionsResult
如果在Fragment中嵌套Fragment,在子Fragment中使用requestPermissions方 法,onRequestPermissionsResult不会回调回来,建议使用 getParentFragment().requestPermissions方法,
这个方法会回调到父Fragment中的onRequestPermissionsResult,加入以下代码可以把回调透传到子Fragment
示例代码有冗余,但目的只是为了展示权限申请的整个流程,使用懒得改了
github上有别人封装的方法,如果需要可以看看:
https://github.com/lovedise/PermissionGen