2 Android 沙箱机制
Android 沙箱实现了应用程序的相互隔离,用于对文件系统的实体访问进行控制,也可以对其他Android系统资源进行访问控制。
简单的说,每个应用程序无法访问其他应用程序的资源。沙箱系统的原理主要基于Linux系统的UID/GID机制。Android对传统的
Linux的UID/GID机制进行了修改。在 Linux 中,一个用户 ID 识别一个给定用户;在 Android 上,一个用户 ID 识别一个应用程序。
应用程序在安装时被分配用户 ID,应用程序在设备上的存续期间内,用户 ID 保持不变。权限是关于允许或限制应用程序(而不是用户)访问设备资源。
2.1 Android ID 映射表(AID)
Android 系统沿用了Linux系统的UID/GID(用户组ID)的权限模型,但是并没有使用Linux传统的passwd和group文件来存储用户与用户组的
凭证信息,作为替代,Android定义了从名称到独特标识符的Android ID(AID)映射表。初始的映射表中定义了一些特权用户和一些系统关
键用户。并且保留了一段AID范围,用于提供给原生应用作为UID。
下面是从源码中截取的预定义的系统特权用户和用户组:(system/core/include/private/android_filesystem_config.h)
/* This is the master Users and Groups config for the platform.
* DO NOT EVER RENUMBER
*/
#define AID_ROOT 0 /* traditional unix root user */
#define AID_SYSTEM 1000 /* system server */
#define AID_RADIO 1001 /* telephony subsystem, RIL */
#define AID_BLUETOOTH 1002 /* bluetooth subsystem */
#define AID_GRAPHICS 1003 /* graphics devices */
#define AID_INPUT 1004 /* input devices */
#define AID_AUDIO 1005 /* audio devices */
#define AID_CAMERA 1006 /* camera devices */
#define AID_LOG 1007 /* log devices */
#define AID_COMPASS 1008 /* compass device */
#define AID_MOUNT 1009 /* mountd socket */
#define AID_WIFI 1010 /* wifi subsystem */
#define AID_ADB 1011 /* android debug bridge (adbd) */
#define AID_INSTALL 1012 /* group for installing packages */
#define AID_MEDIA 1013 /* mediaserver process */
#define AID_DHCP 1014 /* dhcp client */
#define AID_SDCARD_RW 1015 /* external storage write access */
#define AID_VPN 1016 /* vpn system */
#define AID_KEYSTORE 1017 /* keystore subsystem */
#define AID_USB 1018 /* USB devices */
#define AID_DRM 1019 /* DRM server */
#define AID_MDNSR 1020 /* MulticastDNSResponder (service discovery) */
#define AID_GPS 1021 /* GPS daemon */
#define AID_UNUSED1 1022 /* deprecated, DO NOT USE */
#define AID_MEDIA_RW 1023 /* internal media storage write access */
#define AID_MTP 1024 /* MTP USB driver access */
#define AID_UNUSED2 1025 /* deprecated, DO NOT USE */
#define AID_DRMRPC 1026 /* group for drm rpc */
#define AID_NFC 1027 /* nfc subsystem */
#define AID_SDCARD_R 1028 /* external storage read access */
#define AID_CLAT 1029 /* clat part of nat464 */
#define AID_LOOP_RADIO 1030 /* loop radio devices */
#define AID_MEDIA_DRM 1031 /* MediaDrm plugins */
#define AID_PACKAGE_INFO 1032 /* access to installed package details */
#define AID_SDCARD_PICS 1033 /* external storage photos access */
#define AID_SDCARD_AV 1034 /* external storage audio/video access */
#define AID_SDCARD_ALL 1035 /* access all users external storage */
#define AID_SHELL 2000 /* adb and debug shell user */
#define AID_CACHE 2001 /* cache access */
#define AID_DIAG 2002 /* access to diagnostic resources */
编号3000系列只用于辅助用户组
/* The 3000 series are intended for use as supplemental group id's only.
* They indicate special Android capabilities that the kernel is aware of. */
#define AID_NET_BT_ADMIN 3001 /* bluetooth
凭证信息,作为替代,Android定义了从名称到独特标识符的Android ID(AID)映射表。初始的映射表中定义了一些特权用户和一些系统关
键用户。并且保留了一段AID范围,用于提供给原生应用作为UID。
下面是从源码中截取的预定义的系统特权用户和用户组:(system/core/include/private/android_filesystem_config.h)
/* This is the master Users and Groups config for the platform.
* DO NOT EVER RENUMBER
*/
#define AID_ROOT 0 /* traditional unix root user */
#define AID_SYSTEM 1000 /* system server */
#define AID_RADIO 1001 /* telephony subsystem, RIL */
#define AID_BLUETOOTH 1002 /* bluetooth subsystem */
#define AID_GRAPHICS 1003 /* graphics devices */
#define AID_INPUT 1004 /* input devices */
#define AID_AUDIO 1005 /* audio devices */
#define AID_CAMERA 1006 /* camera devices */
#define AID_LOG 1007 /* log devices */
#define AID_COMPASS 1008 /* compass device */
#define AID_MOUNT 1009 /* mountd socket */
#define AID_WIFI 1010 /* wifi subsystem */
#define AID_ADB 1011 /* android debug bridge (adbd) */
#define AID_INSTALL 1012 /* group for installing packages */
#define AID_MEDIA 1013 /* mediaserver process */
#define AID_DHCP 1014 /* dhcp client */
#define AID_SDCARD_RW 1015 /* external storage write access */
#define AID_VPN 1016 /* vpn system */
#define AID_KEYSTORE 1017 /* keystore subsystem */
#define AID_USB 1018 /* USB devices */
#define AID_DRM 1019 /* DRM server */
#define AID_MDNSR 1020 /* MulticastDNSResponder (service discovery) */
#define AID_GPS 1021 /* GPS daemon */
#define AID_UNUSED1 1022 /* deprecated, DO NOT USE */
#define AID_MEDIA_RW 1023 /* internal media storage write access */
#define AID_MTP 1024 /* MTP USB driver access */
#define AID_UNUSED2 1025 /* deprecated, DO NOT USE */
#define AID_DRMRPC 1026 /* group for drm rpc */
#define AID_NFC 1027 /* nfc subsystem */
#define AID_SDCARD_R 1028 /* external storage read access */
#define AID_CLAT 1029 /* clat part of nat464 */
#define AID_LOOP_RADIO 1030 /* loop radio devices */
#define AID_MEDIA_DRM 1031 /* MediaDrm plugins */
#define AID_PACKAGE_INFO 1032 /* access to installed package details */
#define AID_SDCARD_PICS 1033 /* external storage photos access */
#define AID_SDCARD_AV 1034 /* external storage audio/video access */
#define AID_SDCARD_ALL 1035 /* access all users external storage */
#define AID_SHELL 2000 /* adb and debug shell user */
#define AID_CACHE 2001 /* cache access */
#define AID_DIAG 2002 /* access to diagnostic resources */
编号3000系列只用于辅助用户组
/* The 3000 series are intended for use as supplemental group id's only.
* They indicate special Android capabilities that the kernel is aware of. */
#define AID_NET_BT_ADMIN 3001 /* bluetooth