Struts是apache一个基于MVC 模式的web应用开源框架,它是一个基于请求驱动的MVC模式。利用Strust开源框架,能提高web开发效率,使用少量代码就可以达到servlet中一些复杂的操作,它对serlvet进行了封装。
搭建Struts开发环境需主要有如下几部:
1.导入struts相关jar包,主要的jar包有(以1.3.8为例)
2.配置web.xml,主要是用来配置哪些请求处理有struts的actionServlet来处理。
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ActionServlet</servlet-name> <!-- struts处理的请求的action,由struts编写,不需开发者编写 -->
<servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class><!--actionServlet类 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>config</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value><!--配如何处理每个action -->
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup> <!-- 指定web应用启动时加载此actionServlet -->
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ActionServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern><!--指定所有.do请求都有struts来处理 -->
</servlet-mapping>
3.actionServlet是struts的中央处理器,所有请求都将转发到actionServlet,actionServlet将会调用每个具体的action,至于调用哪个action,将会在struts-config.xml中进行配置,此配置默认放在WEB-INF目录下。
<struts-config>
<form-beans>
<form-bean name="UserFormBean" type="cn.itcast.web.formbean.UserFormbean"></form-bean>
</form-beans>
<!-- 配置struts收到请求后找一个action处理 -->
<!-- path指的是对应的action,即web页面输入的Register.do,它将找type对应的action类来处理,name指定FormBean,它将会把请求消息的参数封装到一个bean对象中,此bean对应form-beans标签中的type指定的bean-->
<action-mappings>
<action path="/Register" type="cn.itcast.web.action.RegisterAction" name="UserFormBean"></action>
</action-mappings>
</struts-config>
Stuts执行流程图如下所示:
开发者编写的Action需要实现Action接口,相关开发代码在此接口的exectue方法中执行,此方法最终返回一个actionForwad对象,此对象封装了要跳转的页面。图中的Action
下面是上例代码:
//UserFormBean
public class UserFormbean extends ActionForm {
private String username;
private String password;
private String email;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
}
/
/负责执行的Register的RegisterAction
import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import cn.itcast.web.formbean.UserFormbean;
public class RegisterAction extends Action {
@Override
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception {
UserFormbean bean = (UserFormbean) form;
System.out.println(bean.getUsername());
System.out.println(bean.getPassword());
System.out.println(bean.getEmail());
try{
System.out.println("向数据注册用户!!");
request.setAttribute("message", "注册成功");
}catch (Exception e) {
request.setAttribute("message", "注册失败");
}
return mapping.findForward("message");
}
}
web.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ActionServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>config</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ActionServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
struts-config.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-config_1_3.dtd">
<struts-config>
<form-beans>
<form-bean name="UserFormBean" type="cn.itcast.web.formbean.UserFormbean"></form-bean>
</form-beans>
<!-- 配置struts收到请求后找一个action处理 -->
<action-mappings>
<action path="/Register" type="cn.itcast.web.action.RegisterAction" name="UserFormBean"></action>
<forward name="message" path="/message.jsp"></forward>
</action-mappings>
</struts-config>