今天在公司做测试内存数据库timesten的时候，需要安装一个数据库，发现linux操作系统没有图形界面，配置的yum源是远程的，不能进行yum group install 方式安装图形界面，只能进行静默的方式安装一个数据库了，下面是安装步骤：
1、 安装必须的软件
binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686
gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6.i686
ksh
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6.i686
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6.i686
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686
make-3.81-19.el6
sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64)
rpm -q \
binutils \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
elfutils-libelf \
elfutils-libelf-devel \
expat \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-common \
glibc-devel \
glibc-headers \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
make \
pdksh \
sysstat \
unixODBC \
unixODBC-devel | grep "notinstalled"
2、创建用户和目录
[root@mongo7 ~]# groupadd -g 1000 oinstall
[root@mongo7 ~]# groupadd -g 1001 dba
[root@mongo7 ~]# useradd -u 1000 -goinstall -G dba,oinstall oracle
[root@mongo7 ~]#passwd oracle
[root@mongo7 ~]#mkdir -p/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/product
[root@mongo7 ~]#chown -R oracle:oinstall/u01/app/oracle
3、配置用户的环境变量
# vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle/
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/product
exportPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH:$HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/lib32
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
export ORACLE_SID=testdb
[root@mongo7 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
10.10.130.12 mongo7
4、内存参数设置
kernel.shmall = 8388608
kernel.shmmax = 34359738368
kernel.shmmni = 4096
# semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm,semmni
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
vm.dirty_background_ratio = 3
vm.dirty_ratio = 20
vm.dirty_expire_centisecs = 500
vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs = 100
vm.min_free_kbytes=524288
vm.swappiness = 10
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 4194304
net.core.wmem_max =4194304
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 4194304
kernel.sem = 20000 1280000 20000 1024
vm.nr_hugepages = 16384
sga打算给了32G
[root@mongo7 /]# grep HugePages/proc/meminfo
AnonHugePages: 129024 kB
HugePages_Total: 16384
HugePages_Free: 16384
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
HugePages_Surp: 0
vi /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft memlock 33554432
oracle hard memlock 33554432
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
5、下面开始配置静默安装数据库的软件
静默安装数据库
vim /etc/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/u01/app/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall
在安装软件目录下面执行下面命令，
./runInstaller -silent -debug -force -noconfig-IgnoreSysPreReqs \
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0\
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY \
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true \
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall \
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory \
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW \
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/product\
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle \
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE \
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false \
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba \
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
或者在安装软件目录下面有个参数模板，进行修改，然后执行
[oracle@mongo7 response]$ pwd
/tmp/database/response
[oracle@mongo7 response]$ ls
dbca.rsp db_install.rsp netca.rsp
编辑文件db_install.rsp
[oracle@mongo7 response]$ catdb_install.rsp |grep -v ^#
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option= INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=mongo7
UNIX_GROUP_NAME= oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/product
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition= EE
oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false
oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP= dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP= dba
./runInstaller -silent -responsefile/home/oracle/new.rsp -ignoreSysPrereqs
安装完成会有提示执行root.sh 脚本
As a root user, execute the followingscript(s):
1./u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/product/root.sh
Successfully Setup Software.
copying/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/time2017-10-14_05-07-46PM.log to/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/product/cfgtoollogs/oui/time2017-10-14_05-07-46PM.log
copying/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/oraInstall2017-10-14_05-07-46PM.err to/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/product/cfgtoollogs/oui/oraInstall2017-10-14_05-07-46PM.err
copying/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/oraInstall2017-10-14_05-07-46PM.out to/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/product/cfgtoollogs/oui/oraInstall2017-10-14_05-07-46PM.out
copying/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2017-10-14_05-07-46PM.log to/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/product/cfgtoollogs/oui/silentInstall2017-10-14_05-07-46PM.log
copying/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2017-10-14_05-07-46PM.log to/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/product/cfgtoollogs/oui/installActions2017-10-14_05-07-46PM.log
采用 debug模式安装 ,如果有异常则更容易发现错误原因。
附上oracle软件静默安装的参数含义如下:
-silent 表示以静默方式安装,不会有任何提示
-force 表示允许安装到一个非空目录
-noconfig 表示不运行配置助手netca
-responseFile 表示使用哪个响应文件,必需使用绝对路径
oracle.install.responseFileVersion 响应文件模板的版本,该参数不要更改
oracle.install.option 安装模式选项,本例只安装oracle软件,该参数不要更改
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES 是否需要在线安全更新,设置为false,该参数不要更改
UNIX_GROUP_NAME oracle 用户用于安装软件的组名
INVENTORY_LOCATION oracle 产品清单目录
SELECTED_LANGUAGES oracle 运行语言环境,一般包括引文和简繁体中文
ORACLE_HOME oracle安装目录
ORACLE_BASE oracle基础目录
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition 安装版本类型,一般是企业版
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall 是否定制安装,默认Partitioning,OLAP,RAT都选上。根据自己的需要选择组件。
oracle.install.db.customComponents 定制安装组件列表:除了以上默认的,可加上LabelSecurity和Database Vault
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP oracle 用户用于授予osdba权限的组名
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP oracle 用户用于授予osoper权限的组名
静默安装db
安装完成oracle软件之后还没创建db,我们可以继续使用静默方式创建数据库。
模板在/tmp/database/response/ dbca.rsp
[oracle@mongo7 u01]$ vi db.rsp
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0.4"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "testdb"
SID = "testdb"
TEMPLATENAME = "New_Database.dbt"
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "oracle"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "oracle"
DATAFILEDESTINATION ="/u01/app/oracle/oradata"
STORAGETYPE=FS
CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
DATABASETYPE = "MULTIPURPOSE"
AUTOMATICMEMORYMANAGEMENT = "FALSE"
TOTALMEMORY =32768
TOTALMEMORY 单位是内存大小M
--开始安装数据库
[oracle@mongo7 u01]$ dbca -silent-responseFile /u01/db.rsp
Creating and starting Oracle instance
1% complete
3% complete
Creating database files
4% complete
7% complete
Creating data dictionary views
8% complete
9% complete
10% complete
11% complete
12% complete
13% complete
14% complete
16% complete
17% complete
18% complete
19% complete
Adding Oracle JVM
25% complete
30% complete
36% complete
38% complete
Adding Oracle Text
39% complete
41% complete
Adding Oracle XML DB
43% complete
44% complete
45% complete
49% complete
Adding Oracle Multimedia
50% complete
60% complete
Adding Oracle OLAP
61% complete
62% complete
64% complete
Adding Oracle Spatial
65% complete
66% complete
67% complete
71% complete
Adding Enterprise Manager Repository
73% complete
75% complete
Adding Oracle Application Express
78% complete
82% complete
Adding Oracle Warehouse Builder
86% complete
90% complete
Completing Database Creation
91% complete
92% complete
93% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file"/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/testdb/testdb.log" for furtherdetails.
静默安装监听
[oracle@mongo7 response]$ cat /u01/net.rsp |grep-v ^#|grep -v ^$
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="11.2.0.4"
CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"
[oracle.net.ca]
INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}
INSTALL_TYPE=""typical""
LISTENER_NUMBER=1
LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"}
LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"}
LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""
NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}
NSN_NUMBER=1
NSN_NAMES={"EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"}
NSN_SERVICE={"PLSExtProc"}
NSN_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"}
--这里只改动了数据库的版本一个参数
[oracle@mongo7 response]$ netca /u01/net.rsp****DISPLAY environment variable not set!
Oracle Net Configuration Assistant is a GUI tool
which requires that DISPLAY specify a location
where GUI tools can display.
Set and export DISPLAY, then re-run.
[oracle@mongo7 response]$ netca -silent -responseFile /u01/net.rsp
Parsing command line arguments:
Parameter "silent" = true
Parameter "responsefile" = /u01/net.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
Running Listener Control:
/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/product/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
Listener Control complete.
Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
到此数据库安装成功
[oracle@mongo7 admin]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 14-OCT-2017 18:59:40
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 14-OCT-2017 18:58:37
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 3 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/product/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/mongo7/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=mongo7)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "testdb" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "testdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "testdbXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "testdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
手工配置客户端监听
[oracle@mongo7 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
test =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.10.130.12)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(service_names = testdb)
)
)
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