C++ Primer(第五版) 15.6--15.7.4节练习

15.23    修改代码：

class Base {
public:
    virtual int fcn();
};

class D1 : public Base {
    int fcn();            //覆盖而非隐藏
    virtual void f2();
};

class D2 : public D1 {
public:
    int fnc(int);
    int fcn();
    void f2();
};

调用语句的解析：

Base bobj; D1 d1obj; D2 d2obj;

Base *bp1 = &bobj; *bp2 = &d1obj; *bp3 = &d2obj;
bp1->fcn();    //Base::fcn
bp2->fcn();    //D1::fcn
bp3->fcn();    //D2::fcn

D1 *d1p = &d1obj; D2 *d2p = &d2obj;
bp2->f2();    //错误，Base没有f2()
d1p->f2();    //D1::f2()
d2p->f2();    //D2::f2()

Base *p1 = &d2obj; D1 *p2 = &d2obj; D2 *p3 = &d2obj;
p1->fcn(42);    //错误，Base没有fcn(int)
p2->fcn(42);    //错误，D1没有fcn(int)
p3->fcn(42);    //D2::fcn(int)

15.24    基类需要虚析构函数，在静态类型和动态类型不同时，保证运行正确的析构函数版本；虚析构函数必须清除本类中定义的数据成员，可以定义为默认的。

15.25    Disc_quote的默认构造函数会调用Quote的默认构造函数，完成基类部分的成员初始化工作；如果去掉该默认构造函数，Bulk_quote的默认构造函数将无法完成其基类部分的初始化工作。

15.26    Quote.h文件代码：

#ifndef	QUOTE_H
#define	QUOTE_H

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Quote {
public:
	Quote() = default;
	Quote(const string &book, double sales_price):
				bookNo(book), price(sales_price) { cout << "Quote construct" << endl; }
	Quote(const Quote &q):
				bookNo(q.bookNo), price(q.price) { cout << "Quote copy construct" << endl; }
	Quote(Quote &&q):
				bookNo(std::move(q.bookNo)), price(std::move(q.price)) { cout << "Quote move construct" << endl; }
	Quote& operator=(const Quote &q) {
		bookNo = q.bookNo;
		price = q.price;
		cout << "Quote operator = " << endl;
		return *this;
	}
	Quote& operator=(Quote &&q) {
		bookNo = std::move(q.bookNo);
		price = std::move(price);
		cout << "Quote operator move = " << endl;
		
	}
	string isbn() const { return bookNo; };
	virtual double net_price(size_t n) const
					{ return n * price; }
	virtual void debug() { cout << "bookNo: "<< bookNo << " price: " << price << endl; }
	virtual ~Quote() {
		cout << "Quote destructor" << endl;
	}
private:
	string bookNo;
protected:
	double price = 0.0;
};

class Bulk_quote: public Quote {
public:
	Bulk_quote() = default;
	Bulk_quote(const string &book, double p, size_t qty, double disc):
		Quote(book, p), min_qty(qty), discount(disc) { cout << "Bulk_quote construct" << endl; }
	Bulk_quote(const Bulk_quote &b):
		Quote(b), min_qty(b.min_qty), discount(b.discount) { cout << "Bulk_quote copy construct" << endl; }
	Bulk_quote(Bulk_quote &&b):
		Quote(std::move(b)), min_qty(std::move(b.min_qty)), discount(std::move(b.discount)) { 
			cout << "Bulk_quote copy construct" << endl; 
		}
	Bulk_quote& operator=(const Bulk_quote &b) {
		Quote::operator=(b);
		min_qty = b.min_qty;
		discount = b.discount;
		cout << "Bulk_quote operator = construct" << endl; 
		return *this;
	}
	Bulk_quote& operator=(Bulk_quote &&b) {
		Quote::operator=(std::move(b));
		min_qty = std::move(b.min_qty);
		discount = std::move(b.discount);
		cout << "Bulk_quote operator move = construct" << endl; 
		return *this;
	}
	~Bulk_quote() {
		cout << "Bulk_quote destructor" << endl;
	}
	void debug() override { Quote::debug(); cout << "min_qty= " << min_qty << " discount= " << 
				discount << endl; }
	double net_price(size_t) const override;
private:
	size_t min_qty = 0;
	double discount = 0.0;
};

double print_total(ostream &os, const Quote &item, size_t n);


#endif

Quote.cc 文件：

#include <iostream>
#include "Quote.h"

using namespace std;

double
Bulk_quote::net_price(size_t cnt) const
{
	if (cnt >= min_qty)
		return cnt * price * (1 - discount);
	else	
		return cnt * price;
}


double print_total(ostream &os, const Quote &item, size_t n)
{
	double ret = item.net_price(n);
	os << "ISBN: " << item.isbn() << " # sold: " << n <<
		" total due: " << ret << endl;
	return ret;
}

测试主程序：

#include <iostream>
#include "Quote.h"

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	Quote q1("a1", 8.9);
	Bulk_quote q2("a2", 7.7, 10, 0.2);
		
	Quote q3(q1);
	Bulk_quote q4(q2);
	
	q3 = q1;
	q4 = q2;
	
	q3 = std::move(q1);
	q4 = std::move(q2);
	
	print_total(cout, q1, 10);
	print_total(cout, q2, 20);
	print_total(cout, q3, 10);
	print_total(cout, q4, 20);
	
	return 0;
}

15.27    

class Bulk_quote: public Disc_quote {
public:
	Bulk_quote() = default;
	using Disc_quote::Disc_quote;
	double net_price(size_t) const override;
private:
	size_t min_qty = 0;
	double discount = 0.0;
};