java中枚举

单例模式学习学习

枚举类

枚举类的构造器总是私有的，可以省略private修饰符

自定义枚举类的两种方式

通过定义类

public class SeasonTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season summer = Season.SUMMER;
        System.out.println(summer);
    }
}
class Season{

    //步骤1：有哪些属性并定义成private final
    private final String seasonName;
    private final String  seasonDesc;
    //步骤2：私有化构造器，并给属性赋值
    private Season(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
        this.seasonName=seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc=seasonDesc;
    }
    //步骤3：创建静态对象，定义为public static final,即使1枚举类的属性
    public static final Season SPRING=new Season("春天","春乱花开");
    public static final Season SUMMER=new Season("夏天","夏日炎炎");
    public static final Season AUTUMN=new Season("秋天","秋高气爽");
    public static final Season WINTER=new Season("冬天","冰天雪地");

    //步骤4：重写toString，也可以写get方法

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season{" +
                "seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' +
                ", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

使用enum关键字

public class SeasonTest2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season1 spring = Season1.SPRING_;
        System.out.println(spring);
        //Enum类中有许多方法，可查看API文档
    }
}
//定义的enum类默认继承于java.lang.Enum，而Enum 继承于Object
enum Season1{
    //步骤1：（必须的）给定枚举类的对象,类型可以不用写，因为全部是一样的，可提供构造方法
    SPRING_("春天","春乱花开"),
    SUMMER_("夏天","夏日炎炎"),
    AUTUMN_("秋天","秋高气爽"),
    WINTER_("冬天","冰天雪地"),
    ;
    //后面的步骤都是可有可无的，但上一步的对象要定义出来
    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;
    private Season1(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
        this.seasonName=seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc=seasonDesc;
    }

    //枚举类中的toString方法默认打印对象名，看重写toString打印对象的属性值

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season1{" +
                "seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' +
                ", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

Enum类常用方法

1.values方法
返回枚举类数组

 int i=0;
        Season1[] values = Season1.values();
        for (Season1 season1 :
                values) {
            System.out.println(values[i++]);
        }

2.valueof方法

 Season1 spring_ = Season1.valueOf(Season1.class,"SPRING_");
        System.out.println(spring_);

实现接口

跟普通类实现接口一样，但其特殊之处在于，枚举类中的属性对象也可以实现外部接口

interface demo{
    public void show_();
}
//定义的enum类默认继承于java.lang.Enum，而Enum 继承于Object
enum Season1 implements demo{
    //步骤1：（必须的）给定枚举类的对象,类型可以不用写，因为全部是一样的，可提供构造方法
    SPRING_("春天","春乱花开"){
        @Override
        public void show_() {
            System.out.println("spring");
        }
    },
    SUMMER_("夏天","夏日炎炎"){
        @Override
        public void show_() {
            System.out.println("summer");
        }
    },
    AUTUMN_("秋天","秋高气爽"),
    WINTER_("冬天","冰天雪地"),
    ;
    //后面的步骤都是可有可无的，但上一步的对象要定义出来
    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;
    private Season1(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
        this.seasonName=seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc=seasonDesc;
    }

    //枚举类中的toString方法默认打印对象名，看重写toString打印对象的属性值

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season1{" +
                "seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' +
                ", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    @Override
    public void show_() {
        System.out.println("season");
    }