Android 7.0实际开发中调用系统相机和获取相册照片遇到的坑具备向下兼容

由于最近开发的一款app需要调用系统的照相机功能和获取相册中图片,在做手机版本适配7.0适配的时候,遇到一个大坑,拍照之后的照片,从相册中获取不到,最后Debug测试才知道获取的uri路径不对,最后使用Fileprovider解决问题.这里还讲图片进行了压缩的处理,这样更加节省性能的消耗!!!!!!!!!!

废话不多说了直接上代码,如需要完整的代码可以在我的github上下载,地址如下:

https://github.com/HelloWmz/PhotoDemo

使用Fileprovider之前需要在mainfest文件中配置配置如下:

<provider
    android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
    android:authorities="applicationId.fileprovider"
    android:exported="false"
    android:grantUriPermissions="true"
    >
    <meta-data
        android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
        android:resource="@xml/file_paths"
        />
</provider>

这里依赖的是v4包下的FileProvider 
applicationId.fileprovider 配置这个属性的时候要与
FileProvider.getUriForFile(this, "applicationId.fileprovider", photoFile);方法中的要一直可以随意写
@xml/file_paths需要在res\xml\file_paths创建代码如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <external-path path="" name="camera_photos" />
    <external-path name="my_images" path="Android/data/项目的包名/files/Pictures/" />
    <external-path name="images" path="Pictures/" />
    <external-path name="dcim" path="DCIM/" />
</paths>

  

所以这篇文章写下自己当时遇到的坑,完整代码如下:

//这里mainactivity的布局就不粘贴了,就是两个button调用照相和获取相册中照片

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

    private static final int SUCCESSCODE = 100;
    public Button mButton1;
    public Button mButton2;
    private String mPublicPhotoPath;
    private static final int REQ_GALLERY = 333;
    private static final int REQUEST_CODE_PICK_IMAGE = 222;
    public ImageView mImageView;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        mButton1 = ((Button) findViewById(R.id.bt1));
        mButton2 = ((Button) findViewById(R.id.bt2));
        mButton1.setOnClickListener(this);
        mButton2.setOnClickListener(this);
        mImageView = ((ImageView) findViewById(R.id.iv));
    }
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()) {
            //获取相册中的照片
            case R.id.bt1:
                getImageFromAlbum();
                break;
            //拍照功能
            case R.id.bt2:
                showTakePicture();
                break;
        }
    }
    /**
     * 获取相册中的图片
     */
    public void getImageFromAlbum() {
        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK);
        intent.setType("image/*");//相片类型
        startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE_PICK_IMAGE);
    }

    //拍照的功能
    private void showTakePicture() {
        PermissionGen.with(MainActivity.this)
                .addRequestCode(SUCCESSCODE)
                .permissions(
                        Manifest.permission.CAMERA,
                        Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
                        Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
                )
                .request();
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
        PermissionGen.onRequestPermissionsResult(this, requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
    }

    //权限申请成功
    @PermissionSuccess(requestCode = SUCCESSCODE)
    public void doSomething() {
        //申请成功
        startTake();
    }

    @PermissionFail(requestCode = SUCCESSCODE)
    public void doFailSomething() {
    }

    private void startTake() {
        Intent takePictureIntent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
        //判断是否有相机应用
        if (takePictureIntent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
            //创建临时图片文件
            File photoFile = null;
            try {
                photoFile = PictureUtils.createPublicImageFile();
                mPublicPhotoPath = photoFile.getAbsolutePath();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            //设置Action为拍照
            if (photoFile != null) {
                takePictureIntent.setAction(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
                //这里加入flag
                takePictureIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
                Uri photoURI = FileProvider.getUriForFile(this, "applicationId.fileprovider", photoFile);
                takePictureIntent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, photoURI);
                startActivityForResult(takePictureIntent, REQ_GALLERY);
            }
        }
    }

    private Uri uri;
    String path;
    int mTargetW;
    int mTargetH;

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        mTargetW = mImageView.getWidth();
        mTargetH = mImageView.getHeight();

        switch (requestCode) {
            //拍照
            case REQ_GALLERY:
                if (resultCode != Activity.RESULT_OK) return;
                uri = Uri.parse(mPublicPhotoPath);
                path = uri.getPath();
                PictureUtils.galleryAddPic(mPublicPhotoPath, this);
                break;
            //获取相册的图片
            case REQUEST_CODE_PICK_IMAGE:
                if (data == null) return;
                uri = data.getData();
                int sdkVersion = Integer.valueOf(Build.VERSION.SDK);
                if (sdkVersion >= 19) {
                    path = this.uri.getPath();
                    path = PictureUtils.getPath_above19(MainActivity.this, this.uri);
                } else {
                    path = PictureUtils.getFilePath_below19(MainActivity.this, this.uri);
                }
                break;
        }
        mImageView.setImageBitmap(PictureUtils.getSmallBitmap(path, mTargetW, mTargetH));
    }
}

  
/**
 * 图片处理的工具类
 */
public class PictureUtils {
    /**
     * API19以下获取图片路径的方法
     *
     * @param uri
     */
    public static String getFilePath_below19(Context context, Uri uri) {
        //这里开始的第二部分，获取图片的路径：低版本的是没问题的，但是sdk>19会获取不到
        String[] proj = {MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA};
        //好像是android多媒体数据库的封装接口，具体的看Android文档
        Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, proj, null, null, null);
        //获得用户选择的图片的索引值
        int column_index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA);
        //将光标移至开头 ，这个很重要，不小心很容易引起越界
        cursor.moveToFirst();
        //最后根据索引值获取图片路径   结果类似：/mnt/sdcard/DCIM/Camera/IMG_20151124_013332.jpg
        String path = cursor.getString(column_index);
        return path;
    }

    /**
     * APIlevel 19以上才有
     * 创建项目时，我们设置了最低版本API Level，比如我的是10，
     * 因此，AS检查我调用的API后，发现版本号不能向低版本兼容，
     * 比如我用的“DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)”是Level 19 以上才有的，
     * 自然超过了10，所以提示错误。
     * 添加    @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT)即可。
     *
     * @param context
     * @param uri
     * @return
     */
    @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT)
    public static String getPath_above19(final Context context, final Uri uri) {
        final boolean isKitKat = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT;
        // DocumentProvider
        if (isKitKat && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) {
            // ExternalStorageProvider
            if (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) {
                final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
                final String[] split = docId.split(":");
                final String type = split[0];
                if ("primary".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
                    return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1];
                }
            }
            // DownloadsProvider
            else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) {
                final String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
                final Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(
                        Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(id));
                return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, null, null);
            }
            // MediaProvider
            else if (isMediaDocument(uri)) {
                final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
                final String[] split = docId.split(":");
                final String type = split[0];
                Uri contentUri = null;
                if ("image".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                } else if ("video".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                } else if ("audio".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                }
                final String selection = "_id=?";
                final String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{
                        split[1]
                };
                return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, selection, selectionArgs);
            }
        }
        // MediaStore (and general)
        else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
            // Return the remote address
            if (isGooglePhotosUri(uri))
                return uri.getLastPathSegment();
            return getDataColumn(context, uri, null, null);
        }
        // File
        else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
            return uri.getPath();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Get the value of the data column for this Uri. This is useful for
     * MediaStore Uris, and other file-based ContentProviders.
     *
     * @param context       The context.
     * @param uri           The Uri to query.
     * @param selection     (Optional) Filter used in the query.
     * @param selectionArgs (Optional) Selection arguments used in the query.
     * @return The value of the _data column, which is typically a file path.
     */
    public static String getDataColumn(Context context, Uri uri, String selection,
                                       String[] selectionArgs) {
        Cursor cursor = null;
        final String column = "_data";
        final String[] projection = {column};
        try {
            cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs,
                    null);
            if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                final int index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(column);
                return cursor.getString(index);
            }
        } finally {
            if (cursor != null)
                cursor.close();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is ExternalStorageProvider.
     */
    public static boolean isExternalStorageDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.externalstorage.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is DownloadsProvider.
     */
    public static boolean isDownloadsDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is MediaProvider.
     */
    public static boolean isMediaDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is Google Photos.
     */
    public static boolean isGooglePhotosUri(Uri uri) {
        return "com.google.android.apps.photos.content".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * 图片的压缩
     *
     * @param options
     * @param reqWidth
     * @param reqHeight
     * @return
     */
    public static int calculateInSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options, int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {
        final int height = options.outHeight;
        final int width = options.outWidth;
        int inSampleSize = 1;
        if (height > reqHeight || width > reqWidth) {
            final int heightRatio = Math.round((float) height
                    / (float) reqHeight);
            final int widthRatio = Math.round((float) width / (float) reqWidth);
            inSampleSize = heightRatio < widthRatio ? heightRatio : widthRatio;
        }
        return inSampleSize;
    }

    /**
     * 根据路径获得照片并压缩返回bitmap用于显示
     *
     * @param filePath
     * @return
     */
    public static Bitmap getSmallBitmap(String filePath, int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {
        final BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;  //只返回图片的大小信息
        BitmapFactory.decodeFile(filePath, options);
        // Calculate inSampleSize
        options.inSampleSize = calculateInSampleSize(options, reqWidth, reqHeight);
        // Decode bitmap with inSampleSize set
        options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
        return BitmapFactory.decodeFile(filePath, options);
    }

    /**
     * 将照片添加到相册中
     */
    public static void galleryAddPic(String mPublicPhotoPath, Context context) {
        Intent mediaScanIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_SCANNER_SCAN_FILE);
        File f = new File(mPublicPhotoPath);
        Uri contentUri = Uri.fromFile(f);
        mediaScanIntent.setData(contentUri);
        context.sendBroadcast(mediaScanIntent);
    }
    /**
     * 创建临时图片存储的路径
     *
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static  File createPublicImageFile() throws IOException {
        File appDir = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/自定义相册的名字");
        if (!appDir.exists()) {
            appDir.mkdir();
        }
        String fileName = System.currentTimeMillis() + ".jpg";
        File file = new File(appDir, fileName);
        return file;
    }
}

这样就可以完美的解决此bug,这里我做了在给imageView添加图片之前先做了压缩的处理.希望这篇文章对你有所帮助,下次有时间将
写写沉浸式状态栏的文章,能顶一个!!!!!!!!