1、openpyxl简介
- openpyxl官网链接:openpyxl官网
- openpyxl只支持【.xlsx / .xlsm / .xltx /.xltm】格式的文件;
2、python打开及读取表格内容
(1)excel内容说明:
(2)打开excel并获取所有sheet名称
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = "假期明细导入模板.xlsx")
print(workbook.sheetnames) # 获取所有sheet名称
(3)通过sheet名称来获取表格
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = "假期明细导入模板.xlsx")
sheet = workbook["假期明细导入模板"]
print(sheet)
(4)获取表格尺寸大小
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = "假期明细导入模板.xlsx")
sheet = workbook["假期明细导入模板"]
print(sheet.dimensions) # 获取表格尺寸大小,输出值为左上到右下的单元格名称
(5)获取表格中某个单元格中的数据
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = "假期明细导入模板.xlsx")
sheet = workbook["假期明细导入模板"]
cell1 = sheet["A1"] # 获取A1格子的数据
cell1 = sheet.cell(row = 1,column = 1) # 和上条语句选择其一即可
print(cell1.value) # cell.value 获取格子中的值
(6)获取某个格子的行数、列数、坐标
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = "假期明细导入模板.xlsx")
sheet = workbook["假期明细导入模板"]
cell1 = sheet["B2"]
print(cell1.value, cell1.row, cell1.column, cell1.coordinate)
**"""
.row 获取某个格子的行数;
.columns 获取某个格子的列数;
.corordinate 获取某个格子的坐标;
"""**
(7)获取一系列格子
- 第一种方式:使用sheet【】
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = "假期明细导入模板.xlsx")
sheet = workbook["假期明细导入模板"]
cell = sheet["A1:C2"]
"""
sheet["A"] --- 获取A列的数据
sheet["A:C"] --- 获取A,B,C三列的数据
sheet[5] --- 只获取第5行的数据
"""
print(cell)
for i in cell:
for j in i:
print(j.value)
- 第二种方式,使用.iter_rows()或者.iter_cols()
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = "假期明细导入模板.xlsx")
sheet = workbook["假期明细导入模板"]
# 按行获取值,先行后列
for i in sheet.iter_rows(min_row=2, max_row=5, min_col=1, max_col=2):
for j in i:
print(j.value)
# 按列获取值,先列后行
for i in sheet.iter_cols(min_row=2, max_row=5, min_col=1, max_col=2):
for j in i:
print(j.value)
按行读取
按列读取
- 获取所有行(sheet.rows())
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = "假期明细导入模板.xlsx")
sheet = workbook["假期明细导入模板"]
for i in sheet.rows:
print(i)
3、python向excel中写入内容
(1)向某个格子中写入内容
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = "假期明细导入模板.xlsx")
sheet = workbook["假期明细导入模板"]
sheet["A1"] = "哈喽" # 这句代码也可以改为cell = sheet["A1"] cell.value = "哈喽"
workbook.save(filename = "假期明细导入模板.xlsx")
"""需要保存才可以生效"""
(2).append():向表格中插入行数据
- append()方式:会在表格已有的数据后面,增添这些数(按行插入)
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = "假期明细导入模板.xlsx")
sheet = workbook["假期明细导入模板"]
data = [
["唐僧","3","3"],
["孙悟空","4","4"],
["猪八戒","5","5"],
["沙僧","6","6"],
]
for row in data:
sheet.append(row)
workbook.save(filename = "假期明细导入模板.xlsx")
(3).insert_cols()和.insert_rows():插入空行和空列
- .insert_cols(idx=数字编号, amount=要插入的列数),插入的位置是在idx列数的左侧插入;
- .insert_rows(idx=数字编号, amount=要插入的行数),插入的行数是在idx行数的下方插入;
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = "假期明细导入模板.xlsx")
sheet = workbook["假期明细导入模板"]
sheet.insert_cols(idx=4,amount=2)
sheet.insert_rows(idx=5,amount=4)
workbook.save(filename = "假期明细导入模板.xlsx")
(4).delete_rows()和.delete_cols():删除行和列
- .delete_rows(idx=数字编号, amount=要删除的行数)
- .delete_cols(idx=数字编号, amount=要删除的列数)
sheet.delete_cols(idx=5,amount=4)
sheet.delete_rows(idx=4,amount=2)
(5).move_range():移动格子
- move_range(“数据区域”,rows=,cols=):正整数为向下或向右、负整数为向左或向上;
# 向左移动两列,向下移动两行
sheet.move_range("C1:D4",rows=2,cols=-1)
(6).create_sheet():创建新的sheet表格
workbook.create_sheet("我是一个新的sheet")
(7).remove():删除某个sheet表
.remove(“sheet名”):删除某个sheet表
(8).copy_worksheet():复制一个sheet表到另外一张excel表
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = "假期明细导入模板.xlsx")
sheet = workbook["假期明细导入模板"]
workbook.copy_worksheet(sheet)
workbook.save(filename = "假期明细导入模板.xlsx")
(9)sheet.title:修改sheet表的名称
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = "假期明细导入模板.xlsx")
sheet = workbook["假期明细导入模板"]
sheet.title = "我是修改后的sheet名"
workbook.save(filename = "假期明细导入模板.xlsx")
(10)sheet.freeze_panes:冻结窗口
(11)sheet.auto_filter.ref:给表格添加“筛选器”
- auto_filter.ref = sheet.dimension 给所有字段添加筛选器; .auto_filter.ref = “A1”
- 给A1这个格子添加“筛选器”,就是给第一列添加“筛选器”;
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename = "假期明细导入模板1.xlsx")
sheet = workbook["假期明细导入模板"]
sheet.auto_filter.ref = sheet.dimensions
workbook.save(filename = "假期明细导入模板1.xlsx")
4、调整字体和样式
(1)修改字体样式
- Font(name=字体名称,size=字体大小,bold=是否加粗,italic=是否斜体,color=字体颜色)
workbook = load_workbook(filename = "假期明细导入模板1.xlsx")
sheet = workbook["假期明细导入模板"]
cell = sheet["A1"]
font = Font(name="微软雅黑",size=20,bold=True,italic=True,color="FF0000")
cell.font = font
workbook.save(filename = "假期明细导入模板1.xlsx")
(2)获取表格中字体的样式
workbook = load_workbook(filename = "假期明细导入模板1.xlsx")
sheet = workbook["假期明细导入模板"]
cell = sheet["A1"]
font = cell.font
print(font.name, font.size, font.bold, font.italic, font.color)
(3)设置对齐样式
- Alignment(horizontal=水平对齐模式,vertical=垂直对齐模式,text_rotation=旋转角度,wrap_text=是否自动换行)
- 水平对齐:‘distributed’,‘justify’,‘center’,‘leftfill’,‘centerContinuous’,‘right,‘general’;
- 垂直对齐:‘bottom’,‘distributed’,‘justify’,‘center’,‘top’;
workbook = load_workbook(filename = "假期明细导入模板1.xlsx")
sheet = workbook["假期明细导入模板"]
cell = sheet["A1"]
alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center",vertical="center",text_rotation=45,wrap_text=True)
cell.alignment = alignment
workbook.save(filename = "假期明细导入模板1.xlsx")
(4)设置边框样式
- Side(style=边线样式,color=边线颜色)
Border(left=左边线样式,right=右边线样式,top=上边线样式,bottom=下边线样式)
style参数的种类: 'double, ‘mediumDashDotDot’, ‘slantDashDot’,‘dashDotDot’,‘dotted’,‘hair’, 'mediumDashed, ‘dashed’, ‘dashDot’, ‘thin’,‘mediumDashDot’,‘medium’, 'thick’from openpyxl.styles import Side,Borderfrom
workbook = load_workbook(filename = "假期明细导入模板1.xlsx")
sheet = workbook["假期明细导入模板"]
cell = sheet["A1"]
side1 = Side(style="thin",color="FF0000")
side2 = Side(style="thick",color="FFFF0000")
border = Border(left=side1,right=side1,top=side2,bottom=side2)
cell.border = border
workbook.save(filename = "假期明细导入模板1.xlsx")
(5)设置填充样式
- PatternFill(fill_type=填充样式,fgColor=填充颜色)
- GradientFill(stop=(渐变颜色1,渐变颜色2……))
workbook = load_workbook(filename = "假期明细导入模板1.xlsx")
sheet = workbook["假期明细导入模板"]
cell_b9 = sheet["A3"]
pattern_fill = PatternFill(fill_type="solid",fgColor="99ccff")
cell_b9.fill = pattern_fill
cell_b10 = sheet["A2"]
gradient_fill = GradientFill(stop=("FFFFFF","99ccff","000000"))
cell_b10.fill = gradient_fill
workbook.save(filename = "假期明细导入模板1.xlsx")
(6)设置行高和列宽
- .row_dimensions[行编号].height = 行高
- .column_dimensions[列编号].width = 列宽
workbook = load_workbook(filename = "假期明细导入模板1.xlsx")
sheet = workbook["假期明细导入模板"]
# 设置第1行的高度
sheet.row_dimensions[1].height = 50
# 设置B列的宽度
sheet.column_dimensions["B"].width = 20
workbook.save(filename = "假期明细导入模板1.xlsx")
(7)合并单元格
- .merge_cells(待合并的格子编号)
- .merge_cells(start_row=起始行号,start_column=起始列号,end_row=结束行号,end_column=结束列号)
workbook = load_workbook(filename = "假期明细导入模板1.xlsx")
sheet = workbook["假期明细导入模板"]
sheet.merge_cells("C1:D2")
sheet.merge_cells(start_row=7,start_column=1,end_row=8,end_column=3)
workbook.save(filename = "假期明细导入模板1.xlsx")
(8)取消合并单元格
- .unmerge_cells(待合并的格子编号)
- .unmerge_cells(start_row=起始行号,start_column=起始列号,end_row=结束行号,end_column=结束列号)