linux安装mysql

mysql目录为：/usr/local/mysql (仅举例，已安装则可不必再装)

1.将MySQL安装包mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz放到/usr/local/src目录下，并解压缩

cd /usr/local/src

xz -d mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

tar -xvf mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar

2.在/usr/local下创建安装目录mysql，并将/usr/local/src下的mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64文件夹的内容移动到/usr/local/mysql下

            mkdir /usr/local/msyql

mv /usr/local/src/mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/* /usr/local/mysql/

3.切换到/usr/local/mysql目录，创建目录data

cd /usr/local/mysql

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data

4.分别创建用户组以及用户和密码（如果提示已存在说明之前有创建过了）

groupadd mysql

useradd -g mysql mysql

5.授权刚刚新建的用户

chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql

chmod 750 /usr/local/mysql/data -R

6.配置环境，编辑/etc/profile文件

vim /etc/profile

加入环境变量

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib

执行命令使配置生效

source /etc/profile

7.编辑my.cnf文件

vi /etc/my.cnf

按下面复制进去就好了，#号开头的不用管，一样，添加完之后，换行，打出“：sq”，用来保存文件并退出

[mysql]

default-character-set=utf8mb4

[client]

#port=3306

socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

#port=3306

#server-id=3306

user=mysql

general_log=1

general_log_file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.log

basedir=/usr/local/mysql

datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin

innodb_data_home_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data

innodb_log_group_home_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data/

character-set-server=utf8mb4

lower_case_table_names=1

autocommit=1

default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password

symbolic-links=0

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks

symbolic-links=0

# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.

# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,

# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the

# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[mysqld_safe]

log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.log

pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid

#

# include all files from the config directory

#

!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

8.切换到/usr/local/mysql/bin目录下，初始化基础信息,得到数据库的初始密码（在/usr/local/mysql/bin目录下执行）

cd bin

./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ --initialize

如图，复制出红框的初始密码，保存到本地，后面需要使用到

 

9.复制mysql.server 文件

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

10.赋予权限

chown 777 /etc/my.cnf

chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql

chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

11.检查一下/var/lib/mysql是否存在，否则进行创建
                        mkdir /var/lib/mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/

12.启动数据库，有SUCCESS字眼说明MySQL安装完成

service mysql start

13.修改root账号密码

登录myql：mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -p  录入上边初始化后的密码（第八步）

执行下面语句，修改root默认密码

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '新密码';

flush privileges;

注意：必须修改，不修改不让执行其他操作

可设置root用户远程可访问，先执行

use mysql

再执行以下命令

update user set host='%' where user='root';

flush privileges;