inet_pton和inet_ntop函数的使用

描述

int inet_pton(int af, const char *src, void *dst);

This  function  converts  the  character  string  src into a network address structure in the af address family, then copies the network address structure to dst.  The af argument must be either AF_INET or AF_INET6.
inet_pton用于将点分格式的IP地址字符串转换为网络地址结构体。

af：地址族，值为AF_INET (ipv4)或AF_INET6 (ipv6)

src：对于AF_INET地址族，指向"xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"格式的字符串

dst：对于AF_INET地址族，指向struct in_addr结构体的指针

 

const char *inet_ntop(int af, const void *src, char *dst, socklen_t size);

This  function  converts  the network address structure src in the af address family into a character string.  The resulting string is copied to the buffer pointed to by dst, which must be a non-NULL pointer.  The caller specifies the number of bytes available in this buffer in the  argument size.

inet_ntop用于将网络地址结构体转换为字符串形式的IP地址。

af：地址族，值为AF_INET (ipv4)或AF_INET6 (ipv6)

src：对于AF_INET地址族，指向被转换的struct in_addr结构体

dst：字符串缓存区

size：字符串缓存区大小

源码解析

这里只提供了inet_pton函数的源码示例：

my_inet_pton.h:

#ifndef INET_PTON_H
#define INET_PTON_H
#include <arpa/inet.h>


int my_inet_pton (int af, const char *src, void *dst);


#endif // INET_PTON_H

my_inet_pton.c:

#include "my_inet_pton.h"
#include <string.h>
#define NULL 0
#define NS_INADDRSZ 4
#define NS_IN6ADDRSZ 16
#define NS_INT16SZ 2

static int inet_pton4 (const char *src, const char *src_end, u_char *dst);
static int hex_digit_value (char ch);
static int inet_pton6 (const char *src, const char *src_endp, unsigned char *dst);

static int __inet_pton_length (int af, const char *src, size_t srclen, void *dst)
{
  switch (af)
    {
    case AF_INET:
      return inet_pton4 (src, src + srclen, dst);
    case AF_INET6:
      return inet_pton6 (src, src + srclen, dst);
    default:
      return -1;
    }
}

int my_inet_pton (int af, const char *src, void *dst)
{
  return __inet_pton_length (af, src, strlen (src), dst);
}

static int inet_pton4 (const char *src, const char *end, unsigned char *dst)
{
  int saw_digit, octets, ch;
  unsigned char tmp[NS_INADDRSZ], *tp;

  saw_digit = 0;
  octets = 0;
  *(tp = tmp) = 0;
  while (src < end)
    {
      ch = *src++;
      if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')
        {
          unsigned int new = *tp * 10 + (ch - '0');

          if (saw_digit && *tp == 0)
            return 0;
          if (new > 255)
            return 0;
          *tp = new;
          if (! saw_digit)
            {
              if (++octets > 4)
                return 0;
              saw_digit = 1;
            }
        }
      else if (ch == '.' && saw_digit)
        {
          if (octets == 4)
            return 0;
          *++tp = 0;
          saw_digit = 0;
        }
      else
        return 0;
    }
  if (octets < 4)
    return 0;
  memcpy (dst, tmp, NS_INADDRSZ);
  return 1;
}

static int hex_digit_value (char ch)
{
  if ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9')
    return ch - '0';
  if ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'f')
    return ch - 'a' + 10;
  if ('A' <= ch && ch <= 'F')
    return ch - 'A' + 10;
  return -1;
}

static int inet_pton6 (const char *src, const char *src_endp, unsigned char *dst)
{
  unsigned char tmp[NS_IN6ADDRSZ], *tp, *endp, *colonp;
  const char *curtok;
  int ch;
  size_t xdigits_seen;	/* Number of hex digits since colon.  */
  unsigned int val;

  tp = memset (tmp, '\0', NS_IN6ADDRSZ);
  endp = tp + NS_IN6ADDRSZ;
  colonp = NULL;

  /* Leading :: requires some special handling.  */
  if (src == src_endp)
    return 0;
  if (*src == ':')
    {
      ++src;
      if (src == src_endp || *src != ':')
        return 0;
    }

  curtok = src;
  xdigits_seen = 0;
  val = 0;
  while (src < src_endp)
    {
      ch = *src++;
      int digit = hex_digit_value (ch);
      if (digit >= 0)
    {
      if (xdigits_seen == 4)
        return 0;
      val <<= 4;
      val |= digit;
      if (val > 0xffff)
        return 0;
      ++xdigits_seen;
      continue;
    }
      if (ch == ':')
    {
      curtok = src;
      if (xdigits_seen == 0)
        {
          if (colonp)
        return 0;
          colonp = tp;
          continue;
        }
      else if (src == src_endp)
            return 0;
      if (tp + NS_INT16SZ > endp)
        return 0;
      *tp++ = (unsigned char) (val >> 8) & 0xff;
      *tp++ = (unsigned char) val & 0xff;
      xdigits_seen = 0;
      val = 0;
      continue;
    }
      if (ch == '.' && ((tp + NS_INADDRSZ) <= endp)
          && inet_pton4 (curtok, src_endp, tp) > 0)
    {
      tp += NS_INADDRSZ;
      xdigits_seen = 0;
      break;  /* '\0' was seen by inet_pton4.  */
    }
      return 0;
    }
  if (xdigits_seen > 0)
    {
      if (tp + NS_INT16SZ > endp)
    return 0;
      *tp++ = (unsigned char) (val >> 8) & 0xff;
      *tp++ = (unsigned char) val & 0xff;
    }
  if (colonp != NULL)
    {
      /* Replace :: with zeros.  */
      if (tp == endp)
        /* :: would expand to a zero-width field.  */
        return 0;
      size_t n = tp - colonp;
      memmove (endp - n, colonp, n);
      memset (colonp, 0, endp - n - colonp);
      tp = endp;
    }
  if (tp != endp)
    return 0;
  memcpy (dst, tmp, NS_IN6ADDRSZ);
  return 1;
}

main.c:

#include <stdio.h>
#include "my_inet_pton.h"

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    char IPDotDec[20]="192.168.1.111";
    struct in_addr s;

    my_inet_pton(AF_INET,IPDotDec,&s);//调用自己实现的inet_pton函数，将Ip地址的点分格式转为网络地址格式
    printf("binary format: %02X %02X %02X %02X\n",
           *((unsigned char *)&s.s_addr),
           *((unsigned char *)&s.s_addr+1),
           *((unsigned char *)&s.s_addr+2),
           *((unsigned char *)&s.s_addr+3)
           );

    char IPDotBuffer[20]={0};
    inet_ntop(AF_INET,&s,IPDotBuffer,sizeof(IPDotBuffer));
    printf("text format: %s\n",IPDotBuffer);

    return 0;
}

输出：

binary format: C0 A8 01 6F
text format: 192.168.1.111