二维码生成

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通过本篇文章，你可以知道二维码怎样生成。

一、说明

二维码生成，就是将一个字符串变成二维码。当然这个字符串很多情况下是一个url。

为了生成二维码，我们需要 zing第三方类库

zing:
zing是一个开源的基于java的用来生成条形码的第三个类库
(ZXing (“zebra crossing”) is an open-source, multi-format 1D/2D barcode image processing library implemented in Java, with ports to other languages)

二、开始生成我们的二维码

（1）在maven中导入类库：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.fengli</groupId>
    <artifactId>test</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>test</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!--就是这个。用来生成二维码 -->
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.google.zxing/core -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
            <artifactId>javase</artifactId>
            <version>3.3.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

（2）编写controller类
在开始之前，需要提一下。我用的是springboot框架。我的项目结构图如下（controllers包下面只有QRG是一个controller,其他两个都是工具类）：

QRG.java：该类用来生成二维码

package com.fengli.test.controllers;

import com.google.zxing.client.j2se.MatrixToImageWriter;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/*该类用于生成二维码*/
@RestController
public class QRG {
    @RequestMapping("/generateqrcode")
    @ResponseBody
    public void generateQRCodeShopAuth(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        try {
            //获取地址栏的url地址
            String longUrl = request.getParameter("url");
            // 长的url，可能会生成二维码失败
            String shortUrl = ShortURLUtil.getShortURL(longUrl);
            // 将字符串转换为bitMatrix
            BitMatrix qRcodeImg = QRCodeUtil.generateQRCodeStream(shortUrl, response);
            MatrixToImageWriter.writeToStream(qRcodeImg, "png", response.getOutputStream());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO: handle exception
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

（2）长url地址转短url地址
这里，我们使用 百度的短地址服务

ShortURLUtil.java：将长的URL地址转换为短的url地址。因为长的url地址可能会生成失败

package com.fengli.test.controllers;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;


public class ShortURLUtil {

    /*
    * 用于缩短URL地址
    *  @param orginURL 元素url
    * */
    public static String getShortURL(String originURL) {
        String params = "{\"url\":\""+ originURL + "\"}";
        //用于装缩短后的url地址
        String tinyUrl = null;
        try {
            //提供短URL服务
            URL url = new URL("https://dwz.cn/admin/v2/create");
            HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url
                    .openConnection();
            /* 设置connection的一些参数*/
            connection.setDoOutput(true);
            connection.setDoInput(true);
            connection.setUseCaches(false);
            connection.setConnectTimeout(TIMEOUT);
            connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
            // token去https://dwz.cn/console/apidoc找
            connection.setRequestProperty("Token", "accc9177b277e2f709ad67ae4f36f9de");
            connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json"); // 设置发送数据的格式
            connection.connect();

            OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter(connection.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8"); // utf-8编码
            out.append(params);
            out.flush();
            out.close();

            //获取返回的短url json
            String responseStr = getResponseStr(connection);
            System.out.println("response string: " + responseStr);
            //短url json中的tinyurl
            tinyUrl = getValueByKey_JSON(responseStr, "ShortUrl");
            System.out.println("tinyurl: " + tinyUrl);
            connection.disconnect();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("getshortURL error:" + e.toString());
        }
        return tinyUrl;

    }

    //地址超时时间
    public static int TIMEOUT = 30 * 1000;
    public static String ENCODING = "UTF-8";

    /**
     * JSON get value by key
     *
     * @param replyText
     * @param key
     * @return
     */
    private static String getValueByKey_JSON(String replyText, String key) {
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        JsonNode node;
        String tinyUrl = null;
        try {
            node = mapper.readTree(replyText);
            tinyUrl = node.get(key).asText();
        } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            System.out.println("getValueByKey_JSON error:" + e.toString());
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            System.out.println("getValueByKey_JSON error:" + e.toString());
        }

        return tinyUrl;
    }

    /**
     * 通过HttpConnection 获取返回的字符串
     *
     * @param connection
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    private static String getResponseStr(HttpURLConnection connection)
            throws IOException {
        StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
        int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();

        if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
            InputStream in = connection.getInputStream();
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                    in, ENCODING));
            String inputLine = "";
            while ((inputLine = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                result.append(inputLine);
            }
        }
        return String.valueOf(result);
    }
}

（3） 生成二维码
现在，短url有了，只差生成二维码了。现在我们就用到了zing第三方类库了。zing关键是使用

bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(url,BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, 300, 300, hints);

来生成二维码。
QRUtil.java：用于生成二维码

package com.fengli.test.controllers;

import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;
import com.google.zxing.WriterException;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class QRCodeUtil {
	/**
	 * 
	 * 用于将字符串生成二维码. <br/>
	 * date: 2018年8月27日 下午12:25:52.<br/>
	 * @author fengli 
	 * @param url
	 * @param resp
	 * @return 
	 *
	 */
	public static BitMatrix generateQRCodeStream(String url,
			HttpServletResponse resp) {
		resp.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-store");
		resp.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
		resp.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
		resp.setContentType("image/png");
		Map<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new HashMap<>();
		hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "UTF-8");
		hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 0);
		BitMatrix bitMatrix;
		try {
			//QR_CODE(Code 39)意思是生成二维码
			bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(url,
					BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, 300, 300, hints);
		} catch (WriterException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			return null;
		}
		return bitMatrix;
	}
}

现在整个过程完了。让我们看一下运行效果。
当输入（url为要被生成二维码的url地址）

http://localhost:8080/generateqrcode?url=http://www.baidu.com

然后结果：

用手机扫描会跳转到百度首页。

三、总结

1. 百度的短地址服务
2. zing第三方类库可以将字符串转换为条形码。关键代码是：

//BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE指定你想生成那种条形码
BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(url,
					BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, 300, 300, hints);

四、参考文献

1. zing第三方类库
2. 百度的短地址服务