JAVA AtomicStampedReference解决CAS的ABA问题

关于ABA问题，已经在上篇文章中，谈论了，有不清楚的同学，可以去阅读下，https://blog.csdn.net/wodetongnian/article/details/104044865，这里不再重复了啊，

CAS解决ABA方案是版本号，JDK1.5提供了AtomicStampedReference来解决。AtomicStampedReference通过包装类[E，Integer]的元组来对对象标记版本戳stamp,从而避免ABA问题。

AtomicStampedReference的compareAndSet()方法定义如下：

/**
     * Atomically sets the value of both the reference and stamp
     * to the given update values if the
     * current reference is {@code ==} to the expected reference
     * and the current stamp is equal to the expected stamp.
     *
     * @param expectedReference the expected value of the reference
     * @param newReference the new value for the reference
     * @param expectedStamp the expected value of the stamp
     * @param newStamp the new value for the stamp
     * @return {@code true} if successful
     */
    public boolean compareAndSet(V   expectedReference,
                                 V   newReference,
                                 int expectedStamp,
                                 int newStamp) {
        Pair<V> current = pair;
        return
            expectedReference == current.reference &&
            expectedStamp == current.stamp &&
            ((newReference == current.reference &&
              newStamp == current.stamp) ||
             casPair(current, Pair.of(newReference, newStamp)));
    }

 CAS有四个参数，分别是预期引用，新引用，预期时间戳，新时间戳。当预期引用==当前引用，预期时间戳==当前时间戳，新引用==当前引用，新时间戳==当前时间戳时，返回true。否则，通过Pair对象生成新的对象与当前pair对象替换。Pair为AtomicStampedReference的内部类，主要用来记录引用和时间戳，代码如下：

public class AtomicStampedReference<V> {

    private static class Pair<T> {
        final T reference;
        final int stamp;
        private Pair(T reference, int stamp) {
            this.reference = reference;
            this.stamp = stamp;
        }
        static <T> Pair<T> of(T reference, int stamp) {
            return new Pair<T>(reference, stamp);
        }
    }

    private volatile Pair<V> pair;
}

 Pair记录着对象的引用和版本戳，版本戳为int型。同时Pair是一个不可变对象，其所有属性全部定义为final，对外提供一个of方法，该方法返回一个Pair对象。Pair对象定义为volatile，保证多线程环境下的可见性。

通过一个例子，可以看到AtomicStampedReference相比较AtomicInteger的优势，定义两个线程，线程1负责将100-->110-->100，线程2执行100-->120,查看两者的区别。

package com.concurrent.program;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicStampedReference;

public class AtomicStampedReferenceAndAtomicIntegerTest {

    private static AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(100);
    private static AtomicStampedReference atomicStampedReference = new AtomicStampedReference(100, 1);

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        //AtomicInteger
        Thread at1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                atomicInteger.compareAndSet(100, 110);
                atomicInteger.compareAndSet(110, 100);
            }
        });

        Thread at2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);//at1执行完
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("AtomicInteger:" + atomicInteger.compareAndSet(100, 120));
            }
        });

        at1.start();
        at2.start();
        at1.join();
        at2.join();

        Thread tsf1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    //让tsf2先获取stamp,导致预期时间戳不一致
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

                atomicStampedReference.compareAndSet(100, 110, atomicStampedReference.getStamp(),
                        atomicStampedReference.getStamp() + 1);
                atomicStampedReference.compareAndSet(110, 100, atomicStampedReference.getStamp(),
                        atomicStampedReference.getStamp() + 1);
            }
        });

        Thread tsf2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                int stamp = atomicStampedReference.getStamp();
                try {
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);//线程tsf1执行完
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("AtomicStampedReference:" + atomicStampedReference.compareAndSet(100, 120, stamp, stamp + 1));
            }
        });
        tsf1.start();
        tsf2.start();


    }

}

执行结果如下图： 

 

运行解决重新呈现了AtomicInteger调用compareAndSet()方法ABA问题，以及AtomicStampedReference调用compareAndSet()方法解决了ABA问题。