request和response

SpringMVC对应的controller方法中，如何获取request和response。一种是作为参数传递进来，一种是使用SpringMVC提供的RequestContextHolder去获取。例如下面代码

@RequestMapping("/helloResponseBody")
    @ResponseBody
    public String helloResponseBody(){
        HttpServletRequest request = ((ServletRequestAttributes)RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes()).getRequest();
        logger.info("request = " + request);
        return UUID.randomUUID().toString();
    }

这里，主要是介绍RequestContextHolder的原理，假定使用SpringMVC提供的标准的servlet类DispatcherServlet，容器是Tomcat。

package org.springframework.web.context.request;
 
 
只保留关键代码
public abstract class RequestContextHolder  {
 
    private static final ThreadLocal<RequestAttributes> requestAttributesHolder =
            new NamedThreadLocal<>("Request attributes");
 
    public static void setRequestAttributes(@Nullable RequestAttributes attributes) {
        setRequestAttributes(attributes, false);
    }
    
    public static void setRequestAttributes(@Nullable RequestAttributes attributes, boolean inheritable) {
            ......
            requestAttributesHolder.set(attributes);
            ......
        }
    }
 
    @Nullable
    public static RequestAttributes getRequestAttributes() {
        RequestAttributes attributes = requestAttributesHolder.get();
        ......
        return attributes;
    }
    ......
}

package org.springframework.web.servlet;
 
 
只保留关键代码
public abstract class FrameworkServlet extends HttpServletBean implements ApplicationContextAware {
    
    /**
     * Close the WebApplicationContext of this servlet.
     * @see org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext#close()
     */
    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        ......
    }
 
    /**
     * Override the parent class implementation in order to intercept PATCH requests.
     */
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
 
        HttpMethod httpMethod = HttpMethod.resolve(request.getMethod());
        if (httpMethod == HttpMethod.PATCH || httpMethod == null) {
            processRequest(request, response);
        }
        else {
            super.service(request, response);
        }
    }
    
    @Override
    protected final void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
 
        processRequest(request, response);
    }
 
    @Override
    protected final void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        processRequest(request, response);
    }
    
    @Override
    protected final void doPut(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        processRequest(request, response);
    }
    
    @Override
    protected final void doDelete(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        processRequest(request, response);
    }
    
    @Override
    protected void doOptions(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        processRequest(request, response);
    }
    
    @Override
    protected void doTrace(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        processRequest(request, response);
    }
 
    /**
     * Process this request, publishing an event regardless of the outcome.
     * <p>The actual event handling is performed by the abstract
     * {@link #doService} template method.
     */
    protected final void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        LocaleContext previousLocaleContext = LocaleContextHolder.getLocaleContext();
        LocaleContext localeContext = buildLocaleContext(request);
 
        RequestAttributes previousAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
        ServletRequestAttributes requestAttributes = buildRequestAttributes(request, response, previousAttributes);
 
        initContextHolders(request, localeContext, requestAttributes);
 
        try {
            doService(request, response);
        }
        catch (ServletException | IOException ex) {
            failureCause = ex;
            throw ex;
        }
        catch (Throwable ex) {
            failureCause = ex;
            throw new NestedServletException("Request processing failed", ex);
        }
 
    }
    
    @Nullable
    protected ServletRequestAttributes buildRequestAttributes(HttpServletRequest request,
            @Nullable HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable RequestAttributes previousAttributes) {
 
        if (previousAttributes == null || previousAttributes instanceof ServletRequestAttributes) {
            return new ServletRequestAttributes(request, response);
        }
        else {
            return null;  // preserve the pre-bound RequestAttributes instance
        }
    }
 
    private void initContextHolders(HttpServletRequest request,
            @Nullable LocaleContext localeContext, @Nullable RequestAttributes requestAttributes) {
 
        if (requestAttributes != null) {
            RequestContextHolder.setRequestAttributes(requestAttributes, this.threadContextInheritable);
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * Subclasses must implement this method to do the work of request handling,
     * receiving a centralized callback for GET, POST, PUT and DELETE.
     * <p>The contract is essentially the same as that for the commonly overridden
     * {@code doGet} or {@code doPost} methods of HttpServlet.
     * <p>This class intercepts calls to ensure that exception handling and
     * event publication takes place.
     * @param request current HTTP request
     * @param response current HTTP response
     * @throws Exception in case of any kind of processing failure
     * @see javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet#doGet
     * @see javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet#doPost
     */
    protected abstract void doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws Exception;

}

核心思想，每次http请求，容器最终都会调用DispatcherServlet类的service方法，实际调用的是DispatcherServlet父类FrameworkServlet的service方法。FrameworkServlet的service方法内，可能直接调用processRequest方法，也可能调用super.service方法。即使调用父类的service方法，父类service方法最终还会调用FrameworkServlet类的doPost、doGet等相应的方法（理由见下文备注），最终结论是，无论何种形式，最终都会调用FrameworkServlet类的processRequest方法。

processRequest方法内部，会先将request和response对象封装好，然后将封装好的对象，绑定到RequestContextHolder类的ThreadLocal<RequestAttributes> requestAttributesHolder属性内。之后FrameworkServlet类的processRequest方法，调用DispatcherServlet类的doService方法。DispatcherServlet类的doService方法内部，调用DispatcherServlet类的doDispatch方法，进而走完整个请求。

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简单的说，就是SpringMVC利用ThreadLocal技术，每次在处理请求前，将请求的request和response放到RequestContextHolder的ThreadLocal对象内。在后续处理请求时，可以通过RequestContextHolder类获取ThreadLocal内的request和response对象。

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备注：这需要巩固一个知识点：当子类重写了父类的函数，那么子类的对象如果调用该函数，一定调用的是重写过后的函数。可以通过super关键字进行父类的重写函数的调用。

public class ATest extends AATest{
    protected void doGet(){
        System.out.println("ATest doGet");
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ATest().service();
    }
}
 
abstract class AATest extends AAATest{
    protected void service(){
        System.out.println("AATest service");
        doGet();
    }
 
    protected void doGet(){
        System.out.println("AATest doGet");
    }
}
 
 
结论：
AATest service
ATest doGet

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1、异步线程RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes()为null

使用Spring框架，在Service中开启一个新的线程，在新的线程中使用
RequestAttributes ra = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
获取出来为null，有没有什么办法能解决？

问题出现的环境背景及自己尝试过哪些方法

Service中为优化响应时间，使用了多线程，部分线程中使用到了RequestContextHolder类，结果返回值为空。

相关代码

RequestAttributes ra = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
ServletRequesRequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes()tAttributes sra = (ServletRequestAttributes) ra;
HttpServletRequest request = sra.getRequest();
System.out.println(request.getContextPath());

你期待的结果是什么？实际看到的错误信息又是什么？

期待：System.out.println(request.getContextPath());正常打印出路径,
实际：RequestAttributes ra = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();

开启新线程之前，添加代码：
//将RequestAttributes对象设置为子线程共享
ServletRequestAttributes sra = (ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
RequestContextHolder.setRequestAttributes(sra, true);

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https://blog.csdn.net/gaoshan12345678910/article/details/81745951 

https://blog.csdn.net/u012706811/article/details/53432032(闲了总结一下)