目录
Day15:内置模块和开发规范(二)
15.3 正则表达式相关
15.3.1. 字符相关
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wupeiqi
匹配文本中的wupeiqiimport re text = "你好wupeiqi,阿斯顿发wupeiqasd 阿士大夫能接受的wupeiqiff" data_list = re.findall("wupeiqi", text) print(data_list) # ['wupeiqi', 'wupeiqi'] 可用于计算字符串中某个字符出现的次数
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[abc]
匹配a或b或c 字符。import re text = "你2b好wupeiqi,阿斯顿发awupeiqasd 阿士大夫a能接受的wffbbupqaceiqiff" data_list = re.findall("[abc]", text) print(data_list) # ['b', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'b', 'b', 'c']
import re text = "你2b好wupeiqi,阿斯顿发awupeiqasd 阿士大夫a能接受的wffbbupqcceiqiff" data_list = re.findall("q[abc]", text) print(data_list) # ['qa', 'qc']
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[^abc]
匹配除了abc意外的其他字符。import re text = "你wffbbupceiqiff" data_list = re.findall("[^abc]", text) print(data_list) # ['你', 'w', 'f', 'f', 'u', 'p', 'e', 'i', 'q', 'i', 'f', 'f']
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[a-z]
匹配a~z的任意字符( [0-9]也可以 )。import re text = "alexrootrootadmin" data_list = re.findall("t[a-z]", text) print(data_list) # ['tr', 'ta']
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.
代指除换行符以外的任意字符。import re text = "alexraotrootadmin" data_list = re.findall("r.o", text) print(data_list) # ['rao', 'roo']
import re text = "alexraotrootadmin" data_list = re.findall("r.+o", text) # 贪婪匹配 print(data_list) # ['raotroo']
import re text = "alexraotrootadmin" data_list = re.findall("r.+?o", text) # 非贪婪匹配 print(data_list) # ['rao']
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\w
代指字母或数字或下划线(汉字)。import re text = "北京大烧abcd饼北 京大烧abcd饼" data_list = re.findall("大\w+x", text) print(data_list) # ['大烧abcd', '武沛abcd']
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\d
代指数字import re text = "root-ad32min-add3-admd1in" data_list = re.findall("d\d", text) print(data_list) # ['d3', 'd3', 'd1']
import re text = "root-ad32min-add3-admd1in" data_list = re.findall("d\d+", text) print(data_list) # ['d32', 'd3', 'd1']
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\s
代指任意的空白符,包括空格、制表符等。import re text = "root admin add admin" data_list = re.findall("a\w+\s\w+", text) print(data_list) # ['admin add']
15.3.2. 数量相关
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*
重复0次或更多次import re text = "他是大B个,确实是个大2B。" data_list = re.findall("大2*B", text) print(data_list) # ['大B', '大2B']
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+
重复1次或更多次import re text = "他是大B个,确实是个大2B,大3B,大66666B。" data_list = re.findall("大\d+B", text) print(data_list) # ['大2B', '大3B', '大66666B']
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?
重复0次或1次import re text = "他是大B个,确实是个大2B,大3B,大66666B。" data_list = re.findall("大\d?B", text) print(data_list) # ['大B', '大2B', '大3B']
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{n}
重复n次import re text = "楼主太牛逼了,在线想要 442662578@qq.com和xxxxx@live.com谢谢楼主,手机号也可15131255789,搞起来呀" data_list = re.findall("151312\d{5}", text) print(data_list) # ['15131255789']
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{n,m}
重复n到m次import re text = "楼主太牛逼了,在线想要 442662578@qq.com和xxxxx@live.com谢谢楼主,手机号也可15131255789,搞起来呀" data_list = re.findall("\d{10,15}", text) print(data_list) # ['15131255789']
15.3.3. 括号(分组)
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提取数据区域
import re text = "楼主太牛逼了,在线想要 442662578@qq.com和xxxxx@live.com谢谢楼主,手机号也可15131255789,搞起来呀" data_list = re.findall("15131(2\d{5})", text) print(data_list) # ['255789']
import re text = "楼主太牛逼了,在线想要 442662578@qq.com和xxxxx@live.com谢谢楼主,手机号也可15131255789,搞起来15131266666呀" data_list = re.findall("15(13)1(2\d{5})", text) print(data_list) # [ ('13', '255789') ]
import re text = "楼主太牛逼了,在线想要 442662578@qq.com和xxxxx@live.com谢谢楼主,手机号也可15131255789,搞起来呀" data_list = re.findall("(15131(2\d{5}))", text) print(data_list) # [('15131255789', '255789')]
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获取指定区域 + 或条件
import re text = "楼主15131root太牛15131alex逼了,在线想要 442662578@qq.com和xxxxx@live.com谢谢楼主,手机号也可15131255789,搞起来呀" data_list = re.findall("15131(2\d{5}|r\w+太)", text) print(data_list) # ['root太', '255789']
import re text = "楼主15131root太牛15131alex逼了,在线想要 442662578@qq.com和xxxxx@live.com谢谢楼主,手机号也可15131255789,搞起来呀" data_list = re.findall("(15131(2\d{5}|r\w+太))", text) print(data_list) # [('15131root太', 'root太'), ('15131255789', '255789')]
15.3.4 起始和结束
上述示例中都是去一段文本中提取数据,只要文本中存在即可。
但,如果要求用户输入的内容必须是指定的内容开头和结尾,比就需要用到如下两个字符。
-
^
开始 -
$
结束
import re
text = "啊442662578@qq.com我靠"
email_list = re.findall("^\w+@\w+.\w+$", text, re.ASCII)
print(email_list) # []
import re
text = "442662578@qq.com"
email_list = re.findall("^\w+@\w+.\w+$", text, re.ASCII)
print(email_list) # ['442662578@qq.com']
这种一般用于对用户输入数据格式的校验比较多,例如:
import re
text = input("请输入邮箱:")
email = re.findall("^\w+@\w+.\w+$", text, re.ASCII)
if not email:
print("邮箱格式错误")
else:
print(email)
15.3.5 特殊字符
由于正则表达式中 * . \ { } ( )
等都具有特殊的含义,所以如果想要在正则中匹配这种指定的字符,需要转义,例如:
import re
text = "我是你{5}爸爸"
data = re.findall("你{5}爸", text)
print(data) # []
import re
text = "我是你{5}爸爸"
data = re.findall("你\{5\}爸", text)
print(data)
15.3.6 re模块 (正则模块)
python中提供了re模块,可以处理正则表达式并对文本进行处理。
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findall,获取匹配到的所有数据
import re text = "dsf130429191912015219k13042919591219521Xkk" data_list = re.findall("(\d{6})(\d{4})(\d{2})(\d{2})(\d{3})([0-9]|X)", text) print(data_list) # [('130429', '1919', '12', '01', '521', '9'), ('130429', '1959', '12', '19', '521', 'X')]
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match,从起始位置开始匹配,匹配成功返回一个对象,未匹配成功返回None
import re text = "大小逗2B最逗3B欢乐" data = re.match("逗\dB", text) print(data) # None
import re text = "逗2B最逗3B欢乐" data = re.match("逗\dB", text) if data: content = data.group() # "逗2B" print(content)
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search,浏览整个字符串去匹配第一个,未匹配成功返回None
import re text = "大小逗2B最逗3B欢乐" data = re.search("逗\dB", text) if data: print(data.group()) # "逗2B"
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sub,替换匹配成功的位置
import re text = "逗2B最逗3B欢乐" data = re.sub("\dB", "沙雕", text) print(data) # 逗沙雕最逗沙雕欢乐
import re text = "逗2B最逗3B欢乐" data = re.sub("\dB", "沙雕", text, 1) print(data) # 逗沙雕最逗3B欢乐
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split,根据匹配成功的位置分割
import re text = "逗2B最逗3B欢乐" data = re.split("\dB", text) print(data) # ['逗', '最逗', '欢乐']
import re text = "逗2B最逗3B欢乐" data = re.split("\dB", text, 1) print(data) # ['逗', '最逗3B欢乐']
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finditer
import re text = "逗2B最逗3B欢乐" data = re.finditer("\dB", text) for item in data: print(item.group())
import re text = "逗2B最逗3B欢乐" data = re.finditer("(?P<xx>\dB)", text) # 命名分组 for item in data: print(item.groupdict())
text = "dsf130429191912015219k13042919591219521Xkk" data_list = re.finditer("\d{6}(?P<year>\d{4})(?P<month>\d{2})(?P<day>\d{2})\d{3}[\d|X]", text) for item in data_list: info_dict = item.groupdict() print(info_dict)
15.4 项目开发规范 (终端运行)
15.4.1 单文件应用
当基于python开发简单应用时(一个py文件就能搞定),需要注意如下几点。
"""
文件注释
"""
import re
import random
import requests
from openpyxl import load_workbook
DB = "XXX"
def do_something():
""" 函数注释 """
# TODO 待完成时,下一期实现xxx功能
for i in range(10):
pass
def run():
""" 函数注释 """
# 对功能代码进行注释
text = input(">>>")
print(text)
if __name__ == '__main__':
run()
15.4.2 单可执行文件
新创建一个项目,假设名字叫 【crm】,可以创建如下文件和文件夹来存放代码和数据。
crm ├── app.py 文件,程序的主文件(尽量精简) ├── config.py 文件,配置文件(放相关配置信息,代码中读取配置信息,如果想要修改配置,即可以在此修改,不用再去代码中逐一修改了) ├── db 文件夹,存放数据 ├── files 文件夹,存放文件 ├── src 包,业务处理的代码 └── utils 包,公共功能
示例程序见附件:crm.zip
15.4.3 多可执行文件
新创建项目,假设名称叫【killer】,可以创建如下文件和文件夹来存放代码和数据。
killer ├── bin 文件夹,存放多个主文件(可运行) │ ├── app1.py │ └── app2.py ├── config 包,配置文件 │ ├── __init__.py │ └── settings.py ├── db 文件夹,存放数据 ├── files 文件夹,存放文件 ├── src 包,业务代码 │ └── __init__.py └── utils 包,公共功能 └── __init__.py
示例程序见附件:killer.zip