kodi for emby那些坑——ubuntu18.04设置和ftp的配置（安装 vsftpd服务器）

前言：使用kodi的emby插件需要设置绝对路径，服务器需要设置ftp路径，所以我的ubuntu系统需要安装 vsftpd服务器，查阅了很多资料，最后靠自己的摸索解决问题

参考文章：
①ubuntu下ftp的配置
②500 OOPS:cannot change directory:/root 问题
③500 OOPS: priv_sock_get_cmd------如何解决
④500 OOPS: cannot change directory:/product/ftpfile 500 OOPS: priv_sock_get_cmd 远程主机关闭连接
⑥ftp服务器的搭建

1.用户创建，设置FTP根目录子目录权限

最新的vsftpd要求对主目录不能有写的权限所以ftp为755，主目录下面的子目录再设置777权限
由于我的emby设置到了root目录，root本来就是755权限，所以只是设置了子目录权限，没有创建目录和子目录，这里注意"/"有无
（个人体验，好像都是777权限也没啥问题？）

mkdir /root/rclone_emby   //创建目录
chmod -R 755 /root/rclone_emby
chmod -R 777 /root/rclone_emby/mount_root
# 更改一下权限，不然没法进行写
# 后面的命令需要权限的话，命令前加sudo

• 小坑"/etc/ftpusers"这个文件里显示了用户不可以使用的目录，如果在root中创建需要删除root，否则会导致 500 OOPS:cannot change directory:/root问题（自己摸索的，网络中没有这种相关的资料）

500 OOPS:cannot change directory:/root/***

# /etc/ftpusers: list of users disallowed FTP access. See ftpusers(5).

daemon
bin
sys
sync
games
man
lp
mail
news
uucp
nobody

创建ubuntu系统用户：embyuser

sudo useradd -d /root/rclone_emby/mount_root  -s /bin/bash embyuser
sudo passwd embyuser
# 输入密码并确认

useradd命令介绍：
useradd [－d home] [－s shell] [－c comment] [－m [－k template]] [－f inactive] [－e expire ] [－p passwd] [－r] name
最后一个为用户名，-d后面指定家目录
主要参数
－c：加上备注文字，备注文字保存在passwd的备注栏中。　
－d：指定用户登入时的启始目录。***********
－D：变更预设值。
－e：指定账号的有效期限，缺省表示永久有效。
－f：指定在密码过期后多少天即关闭该账号。
－g：指定用户所属的群组。
－G：指定用户所属的附加群组。
－m：自动建立用户的登入目录。
－M：不要自动建立用户的登入目录。
－n：取消建立以用户名称为名的群组。
－r：建立系统账号。
－s：指定用户登入后所使用的shell。
－u：指定用户ID号。
------------如果中途出错需要删除用户的话------------
删除用户：userdel name
userdel:
功能：删除用户
相关文件：/etc/passwd /etc/shadow /home/username

userdel [-r] username
常用参数：
- r : 连同家目录一起删除

注：可能其他相关文件可通过#find / -user username 查找出逐一删除 然后执行userdel -r username 一切搞定

2.安装 vsftpd服务器

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt install vsftpd

3.ftp配置与测试

修改vsftpd.conf文件

/etc/vsftpd.conf

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone?  vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=YES # 服务器监听，ftp服务器将处于独立启动模式
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
#listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
anonymous_enable=NO # 匿名访问允许，默认不要开启
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES # 是否允许本地用户系统用户访问
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES # 是否允许上传文件，不开启会报 550 permission denied，启用可以修改文件的 FTP 命令
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022 # FTP上本地的文件权限，默认是022，本地用户创建文件的 umask 值
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES # 匿名上传允许，默认是NO
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES # 匿名创建文件夹允许
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES # 进入文件夹允许，允许为目录配置显示信息,显示每个目录下面的message_file文件的内容
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in  your  local  time  zone.  The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES # ftp 日志记录允许，开启日记功能
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES # 启用20号端口作为数据传送的端口，使用标准的20端口来连接ftp
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES # 使用标准日志格式 
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. # 欢迎信息
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories.  See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
#chroot_local_user=YES # 用于指定用户列表文件中的用户是否允许切换到上级目录。默认值为NO，
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
chroot_list_enable=YES # 设置是否启用chroot_list_file配置项指定的用户列表文件。默认值为NO，如果启动这项功能，则所有列在chroot_list_file之中的使用者不能更改根目录
# user_sub_token=$USER 最初加上这句使我安装不成功
local_root=/root/rclone_emby/mount_root # 设置一个本地用户登录后进入到的目录，可以定义其他目录，与刚才用户创建的目录无关，但最好放这里，注意'/'，设置一个本地用户登录后进入到的目录
# (default follows)
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list # 格式为一行一个用户，用于指定用户列表文件，该文件用于控制哪些用户可以切换到用户家目录的上级目录。指定限制的用户文件
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# Customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
# default.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd # PAM认证文件名。PAM将根据/etc/pam.d/vsftpd进行认证，需要查看文件确认，设置PAM认证服务的配置文件名称，该文件保存在“/etc/pam.d/”目录下
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
ssl_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.
utf8_filesystem=YES
allow_writeable_chroot=YES

然后编辑/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list文件，将ftpuser的帐户名添加进去，保存退出。这里不截图了，就是这个文件里写上创建的用户名即可。

vim /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list # 加入创建的用户
embyuser

重新启动vsftpd且检测状态：

sudo service vsftpd restart
# 注：修改配置文件后一定要重启服务才能生效
service vsftpd status

4.vsftpd常用命令：

# 卸载vsftpd
sudo apt-get remove --purge vsftpd 
#(--purge 选项表示彻底删除改软件和相关文件)

#开启、停止、重启vsftpd服务的命令：
systemctl daemon-reload
service vsftpd start  
service vsftpd stop
service vsftpd restart
#删除用户名为 ”zhangxw”的用户，
userdel zhangxw

5.防火墙设置

由于我是guo外服务器，所以不设置防火墙进行一般教程的内网穿透了。

6.可以在windows下cmd下使用下面语句访问目录。

ftp IP号
ls # 查看文件
dir #查看文件
使用`get 文件名` 进行下载

7.常遇报错问题解决（设置后都需要重启服务）

service vsftpd restart

service vsftpd status

7.1报错：500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot() Login f

sudo vim  /etc/vsftpd.conf
插入:
allow_writeable_chroot=YES

7.2报错：500 OOPS:cannot change directory:/root/***

首先确定

/etc/ftpusers

打开此文件看root有没有禁止访问，然后再根据网络上的方法处理selinux关闭问题
参考文章：推荐文章①中的方法二一劳永逸
①500 OOPS: cannot change directory:/product/ftpfile 500 OOPS: priv_sock_get_cmd 远程主机关闭连接
②500 OOPS:cannot change directory:/root 问题

7.3报错：500 OOPS: priv_sock_get_cmd

处理方法同上
参考文章：00 OOPS: priv_sock_get_cmd------如何解决

7.4报错：无法登录：ftp: connect: Connection refused

同时ipv4和ipv6同时运行服务器报错。
解决方案：vsftpd.conf文件里设置#listen_ipv6=NO

7.5报错：vsftpd 启动异常 (code=exited, status=2)

root@kali:~# service vsftpd status
● vsftpd.service - vsftpd FTP server
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sat 2019-10-12 10:32:27 CST; 21s ago
  Process: 2540 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd.conf (code=exited, status=2)
  Process: 2539 ExecStartPre=/bin/mkdir -p /var/run/vsftpd/empty (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 2540 (code=exited, status=2)

主要原因：ipV4和ipV6不能同时被监听，这边需要去掉一个监听设置，常规情况下只要去掉ipV6得就可以了。同上。