堆排序

堆排序思想：

利用大顶堆(小顶堆)堆顶记录的是最大关键字(最小关键字)这一特性，使得每次从无序中选择最大记录(最小记录)变得简单。

    其基本思想为(大顶堆)：

    1)将初始待排序关键字序列(R1,R2....Rn)构建成大顶堆，此堆为初始的无须区；

    2)将堆顶元素R[1]与最后一个元素R[n]交换，此时得到新的无序区(R1,R2,......Rn-1)和新的有序区(Rn),且满足R[1,2...n-1]<=R[n]; 

    3)由于交换后新的堆顶R[1]可能违反堆的性质，因此需要对当前无序区(R1,R2,......Rn-1)调整为新堆，然后再次将R[1]与无序区最后一个元素交换，得到新的无序区(R1,R2....Rn-2)和新的有序区(Rn-1,Rn)。不断重复此过程直到有序区的元素个数为n-1，则整个排序过程完成

//
// Created by liuyubobobo on 8/16/16.
//

#ifndef INC_08_INDEX_HEAP_SORTTESTHELPER_H
#define INC_08_INDEX_HEAP_SORTTESTHELPER_H

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <ctime>
#include <cassert>
#include <string>

using namespace std;


namespace SortTestHelper {

    int *generateRandomArray(int n, int range_l, int range_r) {

        int *arr = new int[n];

        srand(time(NULL));
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            arr[i] = rand() % (range_r - range_l + 1) + range_l;
        return arr;
    }

    int *generateNearlyOrderedArray(int n, int swapTimes){

        int *arr = new int[n];
        for(int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++ )
            arr[i] = i;

        srand(time(NULL));
        for( int i = 0 ; i < swapTimes ; i ++ ){
            int posx = rand()%n;
            int posy = rand()%n;
            swap( arr[posx] , arr[posy] );
        }

        return arr;
    }

    int *copyIntArray(int a[], int n){

        int *arr = new int[n];
        copy(a, a+n, arr);
        return arr;
    }

    template<typename T>
    void printArray(T arr[], int n) {

        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            cout << arr[i] << " ";
        cout << endl;

        return;
    }

    template<typename T>
    bool isSorted(T arr[], int n) {

        for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
            if (arr[i] > arr[i + 1])
                return false;

        return true;
    }

    bool areSameIntArrs(int* arr, int* arr2, int n){

        std::sort(arr,arr+n);
        std::sort(arr2,arr2+n);
        for( int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++ )
            if( arr[i] != arr2[i] )
                return false;
        return true;
    }

    template<typename T>
    void testSort(const string &sortName, void (*sort)(T[], int), T arr[], int n) {

        T* arr2 = copyIntArray(arr, n);

        clock_t startTime = clock();
        sort(arr, n);
        clock_t endTime = clock();
        cout << sortName << " : " << double(endTime - startTime) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << " s"<<endl;

        assert(isSorted(arr, n));
        assert(areSameIntArrs(arr,arr2,n));
        delete[] arr2;
        return;
    }

};

#endif //INC_08_INDEX_HEAP_SORTTESTHELPER_H

#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>
#include "SortTestHelper.h"

#define Priority int

using namespace std;

template<typename Item>
class IndexMaxHeap{

private:
    Item *data;
    int *indexes;
    int *reverse;

    int count;
    int capacity;

    void shiftUp( int k ){

        while( k > 1 && data[indexes[k/2]] < data[indexes[k]] ){
            swap( indexes[k/2] , indexes[k] );
            reverse[indexes[k/2]] = k/2;
            reverse[indexes[k]] = k;
            k /= 2;
        }
    }

    void shiftDown( int k ){

        while( 2*k <= count ){
            int j = 2*k;
            if( j + 1 <= count && data[indexes[j+1]] > data[indexes[j]] )
                j += 1;

            if( data[indexes[k]] >= data[indexes[j]] )
                break;

            swap( indexes[k] , indexes[j] );
            reverse[indexes[k]] = k;
            reverse[indexes[j]] = j;
            k = j;
        }
    }

public:
    IndexMaxHeap(int capacity){

        data = new Item[capacity+1];
        indexes = new int[capacity+1];
        reverse = new int[capacity+1];
        for( int i = 0 ; i <= capacity ; i ++ )
            reverse[i] = 0;

        count = 0;
        this->capacity = capacity;
    }

    ~IndexMaxHeap(){
        delete[] data;
        delete[] indexes;
        delete[] reverse;
    }

    int size(){
        return count;
    }

    bool isEmpty(){
        return count == 0;
    }

    // 传入的i对用户而言,是从0索引的
    void insert(int i, Item item){
        assert( count + 1 <= capacity );
        assert( i + 1 >= 1 && i + 1 <= capacity );

        i += 1;
        data[i] = item;
        indexes[count+1] = i;
        reverse[i] = count+1;
        count++;

        shiftUp(count);
    }

    Item extractMax(){
        assert( count > 0 );

        Item ret = data[indexes[1]];
        swap( indexes[1] , indexes[count] );
        reverse[indexes[count]] = 0;
        reverse[indexes[1]] = 1;
        count--;
        shiftDown(1);
        return ret;
    }

    int extractMaxIndex(){
        assert( count > 0 );

        int ret = indexes[1] - 1;
        swap( indexes[1] , indexes[count] );
        reverse[indexes[count]] = 0;
        reverse[indexes[1]] = 1;
        count--;
        shiftDown(1);
        return ret;
    }

    Item getMax(){
        assert( count > 0 );
        return data[indexes[1]];
    }

    int getMaxIndex(){
        assert( count > 0 );
        return indexes[1]-1;
    }

    bool contain( int i ){
        assert( i + 1 >= 1 && i + 1 <= capacity );
        return reverse[i+1] != 0;
    }

    Item getItem( int i ){
        assert( contain(i) );
        return data[i+1];
    }

    void change( int i , Item newItem ){

        assert( contain(i) );
        i += 1;
        data[i] = newItem;

        // 找到indexes[j] = i, j表示data[i]在堆中的位置
        // 之后shiftUp(j), 再shiftDown(j)

//        for( int j = 1 ; j <= count ; j ++ )
//            if( indexes[j] == i ){
//                shiftUp(j);
//                shiftDown(j);
//                return;
//            }

        int j = reverse[i];
        shiftUp( j );
        shiftDown( j );
    }

    // test reverse index
    bool testReverseIndex(){

        int *copyIndexes = new int[count+1];
        int *copyReverseIndexes = new int[count+1];

        for( int i = 0 ; i <= count ; i ++ ){
            copyIndexes[i] = indexes[i];
            copyReverseIndexes[i] = reverse[i];
        }

        copyIndexes[0] = copyReverseIndexes[0] = 0;
        std::sort(copyIndexes, copyIndexes + count + 1);
        std::sort(copyReverseIndexes, copyReverseIndexes + count + 1);

        bool res = true;
        for( int i = 1 ; i <= count ; i ++ )
            if( copyIndexes[i-1] + 1 != copyIndexes[i] || copyReverseIndexes[i-1] + 1 != copyReverseIndexes[i] )
                res = res || false;

        delete[] copyIndexes;
        delete[] copyReverseIndexes;

        if( !res ){
            cout<<"Error 1"<<endl;
            return res;
        }

        for( int i = 1 ; i <= count ; i ++ )
            if( reverse[ indexes[i] ] != i ){
                cout<<"Error 2"<<endl;
                return false;
            }

        return true;
    }
};

template<typename T>
void heapSortUsingIndexMaxHeap(T arr[], int n){

    IndexMaxHeap<T> indexMaxHeap = IndexMaxHeap<T>(n);
    for( int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++ )
        indexMaxHeap.insert( i , arr[i] );
    assert( indexMaxHeap.testReverseIndex() );

    for( int i = n-1 ; i >= 0 ; i -- )
        arr[i] = indexMaxHeap.extractMax();
}

int main() {

    int n = 1000000;

    Priority* arr = new Priority[n];
    srand(time(NULL));
    for( int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++ )
        arr[i] = rand()%n;
    SortTestHelper::testSort("Heap Sort Using Index-Max-Heap", heapSortUsingIndexMaxHeap, arr, n);
    delete[] arr;

    return 0;
}