(2012-03-27 09:37:50)
标签: 杂谈 |
Logins
There are three different types of login for Fibre Channel. These are:
- Fabric login
- Port login
- Process login
Fabric login
After the fabric capable Fibre Channel device is attached to a fabric switch, it will carry out a fabric login (FLOGI). Similar to port login, FLOGI is an extended link service command that sets up a session between two participants. With FLOGI a session is created between an N_Port or NL_Port and the switch. An N_Port will send a FLOGI frame that contains its Node Name, its N_Port Name, and service parameters to a well-known address of 0xFFFFFE.
A public loop NL_Port first opens the destination AL_PA 0x00 before issuing the FLOGI request. In both cases the switch accepts the login and returns an accept (ACC) frame to the sender. If some of the service parameters requested by the N_Port or NL_Port are not supported, the switch will set the appropriate bits in the ACC frame to indicate this.
When the N_Port logs in it uses a 24-bit port address of 0x000000. Because of this the fabric is allowed to assign the appropriate port address to that device, based on the Domain-Area-Port address format. The newly assigned address is contained in the ACC response frame.
When the NL_Port logs in a similar process starts, except that the least significant byte is used to assign AL_PA and the upper two bytes constitute a fabric loop identifier. Before an NL_Port logs in it will go through the LIP on the loop, which is started by the FL_Port, and from this process it has already derived an AL_PA. The switch then decides if it will accept this AL_PA for this device or not. If not a new AL_PA is assigned to the NL_Port, which then causes the start of another LIP. This ensures that the switch assigned AL_PA does not conflict with any previously selected AL_PAs on the loop.
After the N_Port or public NL_Port gets its fabric address from FLOGI, it needs to register with the SNS. This is done with port login (PLOGI) at the address 0xFFFFFC. The device may register values for all or just some database objects, but the most useful are its 24-bit port address, 64-bit Port Name (WWPN), 64-bit Node Name (WWN), class of service parameters, FC-4 protocols supported, and port type, such as N_Port or NL_Port.
Port login
Port login is also known as PLOGI. Port login is used to establish a session between two N_Ports (devices) and is necessary before any upper level commands or operations can be performed. During the port login, two N_Ports (devices) swap service parameters and make themselves known to each other.
Process login
Process login is also known as PRLI. Process login is used to set up the environment between related processes on an originating N_Port and a responding N_Port. A group of related processes is collectively known as an image pair. The processes involved can be system processes, system images, such as mainframe logical partitions, control unit images, and FC-4 processes. Use of process login is optional from the perspective of Fibre Channel FC-2 layer, but may be required by a specific upper-level protocol as in the case of SCSI-FCP mapping.
N_Port: an end device connecting to a switched fabric network, such as a SCSI initiator or a SCSI target.
F_Port: a port on a switch that provides access to Fabric Services (eg. the
Fabric_point_2_point initialization (ie. N_Port to F_Port initialization) involves the following ordered sequence: FLOGI, PLOGI, PRLI.
- FLOGI
-
N_Port requests a unique 24-bit address from the Fabric Login Server (accessible via an F_port on a Fabric switch).
-
- PLOGI
-
N_Port informs the Fabric Name Server of its personality and capabilities. For example: - WWNN, WWPN
- Buffer credits for flow control
- clock frequency ('speed capability')
- Upper layer protocol support (eg. SCSI-3, IP)
-
- PRLI
- Upper layer protocol communication. Well, ever since SCSI was designed and engineered (1970s, or so, previously SASI...), SCSI initiators need to discover SCSI targets. So, during PRLI, N_Port SCSI initiators discover N_Port SCSI targets (which is an opportunity for the host (maybe a UNIX host) to assign a target ID to the device path).
-
Depending on the OS, you may be able to investigate further with commands like:
- egrep -i 'flogi|plogi|prli' /var/adm/messages
一.FC协议(FCP)
(FC0)物理
1. 在速度上,有
1Gb/s、2Gb/s、4Gb/s、8Gb/s
(FC1)传输协议
1. 根据
ANSI X3 T11标准,规定了8B/10B的编码方式和传输协议,包括串行编码、编码规则、特殊字符和错误控制。
(FC2)数据链路
(FC2)网路层
(FC3)公共服务
4. FC-3 层为可以跨端口定义功能
(FC4)映射层
关于
FCP可参考赵文辉的"网络存储技术",那里写的比较详细.
FCP综述:每个服务器
\交换机\存储设备本身被视为节点,连接的端口(HBA)就是N端口,一个节点中可能有多个端口,其中FC-3、FC-4的实现是在节点上,且只有一个FC-3\FC-4实现,FC-0、FC-1、FC-2的实现是在每一个端口上实现的,一个节点可能有多个FC-0\FC-1\FC-2实现.
二.FCP中的7个端口——终端(N、L、NL);交换机(F、FL、E、G);
端口编址
:N\NL\L 的FC ID均为24位(3字节)长.
三.FC协议中的保留地址
地址
|
作用
|
000000
|
未定义N_Port 标识。
|
FFFFFA
|
管理服务器(Management Server)。
|
FFFFFB
|
时间服务器。
|
FFFFFC
|
目录服务器或名称服务器(Name Server)。用于让设备查询
FC网络中其他设备的存在
|
FFFFFD
|
Fabric 控制器(Fabric Controller)。通过发送RSCN 让设备了解网
络中的变化
(设备加入\离线\ZONE变化)。
|
FFFFFE
|
Fabric 登录服务器预留地址。接收
FLOGI。分配地址(ID),并作好WWN与ID的映射
|
FFFFFF
|
广播地址。如果支持这一可选功能, Fabric 就会将所有传输到这一地
址的帧发送到所连接的所有N_Port。
|
附录:
FCoE:Fibre Channel over Ethernet 以太网光纤通道(参考自 中国高新技术产业报 2007.05.07 第C02版)
FCoE是去年4月份由数家IT厂商向美国国家标准协会(ANSI)T11委员会提交的一种新技术标准的提案。该提案目前还未获得最终批准,但于今年2月份取得了突破性进展,在今年6月份就会有正式符合标准的FCoE产品出现。
FCoE技术标准可以将光纤通道地映射到以太网,从而可以在以太网上传输SAN数据。它能够保护客户在现有FC-SAN上的投资(如FC-SAN的各种工具、员工的培训、已建设的FC-SAN设施及相应的管理架构)的基础上,提供一种以FC存储协议为核心的I/O整合方案。
当前的FCoE技术标准提案可以使用任何速度的网卡,但需要网卡支持802.3x PAUSE机制。
FCoE面向的是10G以太网,其应用的优点是在维持原有服务的基础上,可以大幅减少服务器上的网络接口数量(同时减少了电缆、节省了交换机端口和管理员需要管理的控制点数量),从而降低了功耗,给管理带来方便。此外它还提高了系统的可用性。
根据FCoE的路线图,FCoE标准将在今年批准,10G的FCoE产品可望在2009年出现。
当前已知的开源FCoE项目是Open-FCoE,其地址为:www.open-fcoe.org
更多的信息请参考:
http://www.fibrechannel.org
http://www.fcoe.com
附录2:WWN定义
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附录3:FC协议——网络服务