基于注解驱动的配置越来越流行,使用注解加上Conversion over Configuration可以大为简化配置的过程。struts 2.1.6引入的Conversion插件在注解和规约驱动的配置上做的很好。spring在2.5以后也对MVC进行了大幅度改进,现在你无须让 Controller 继承任何接口,无需在 XML 配置文件中定义请求和 Controller 的映射关系,仅仅使用注解就可以让一个 POJO 具有 Controller 的绝大部分功能。
一:Hello World
1.编写Controller
- package mao.shijie.springmvc.controller;
- imp
ort org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; - imp
ort org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; - @Controller
- @RequestMapping("/welcome.htm") //这个注解相当于实现Controller接口
- public class WelcomeController {
- @RequestMapping
- public void welcome() {
- }
- }
package mao.shijie.springmvc.controller;imp
注意该类只是一个加上了annotation的pojo。
2.加入必须的jar,spring mvc没有引入过多的标签库,一般使用jstl标签库就可以完成绝大数工作。
2.配置web.xml
- <!-- spring配置文件加载路径 -->
- <context-param>
- <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
- <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext*.xml</param-value>
- </context-param>
- <listener>
- <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
- </listener>
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
- </servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
<!-- spring配置文件加载路径 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext*.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <servlet> <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
spring mvc还需要一个xxx-servlet.xml的配置文件,xxx为web.xml中servlet-name,该例中为/WEB-INF/spring-servlet.xml
3.配置spring-servlet.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
- <!-- 把标记了@Controller注解的类转换为bean -->
- <context:component-scan base-package="mao.shijie.springmvc.controller" />
- <!-- 启动Spring MVC的注解功能,完成请求和注解POJO的映射 -->
- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" />
- <!-- 对模型视图名称的解析,即在模型视图名称添加前后缀 -->
- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
- p:prefix="/WEB-INF/jsp/" p:suffix=".jsp" />
- <!-- 处理Mutipart文件上次的bean -->
- <bean id="multipartResolver"
- class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"
- p:defaultEncoding="utf-8" />
- </beans>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd"> <!-- 把标记了@Controller注解的类转换为bean --> <context:component-scan base-package="mao.shijie.springmvc.controller" /> <!-- 启动Spring MVC的注解功能,完成请求和注解POJO的映射 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" /> <!-- 对模型视图名称的解析,即在模型视图名称添加前后缀 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" p:prefix="/WEB-INF/jsp/" p:suffix=".jsp" /> <!-- 处理Mutipart文件上次的bean --> <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" p:defaultEncoding="utf-8" /> </beans>
4.编写视图,在前面的配置中,制定了一个InternalResourceViewResolver,该bean更具视图名加上前缀/WEB-INF/jsp/和后缀.jsp找到视图,视图名的确定后面会讲到,该例中视图名更具Url确定,为welcome,所以视图文件为/WEB-INF/jsp/welcome.jsp。
- <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
- pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
- <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
- <html>
- <head>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
- <title>Insert title here</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- <h1>Hello World!</h1>
- </body>
- </html>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageEncoding="utf-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <h1>Hello World!</h1> </body></html>
启动服务器,访问http://localhost:8080/spring-mvc/welcome.htm
二:一个Controller处理多个Url
- @Controller
- public class UserController {
- @RequestMapping("/user/regist.htm")
- public void regist(){
- }
- @RequestMapping("/user/login.htm")
- public void login(){
- }
- }
@Controllerpublic class UserController { @RequestMapping("/user/regist.htm") public void regist(){ } @RequestMapping("/user/login.htm") public void login(){ }}
通过在public方法上添加@RequestMapping指定Url参数。根据Url得到视图,该例中视图为/WEB-INF/jsp/user/regist,/WEB-INF/jsp/user/login。
在使用一个Controller处理多个Url时,可以通过一个Url地址,不同的请求参数来区别两个方法。例如
- @RequestMapping(params="type=user",value="/user/list.htm")
- public void listAllUser(){
- }
- @RequestMapping(params="type=admin",value="/user/list.htm")
- public void listAllAdmin(){
- }
@RequestMapping(params="type=user",value="/user/list.htm")public void listAllUser(){ }@RequestMapping(params="type=admin",value="/user/list.htm")public void listAllAdmin(){ }
同样还可以通过HTTP Method来区别两个方法
- @RequestMapping(value = "/user/regist.htm", method = RequestMethod.GET)
- public void regist() {
- }
- @RequestMapping(value = "/user/regist.htm", method = RequestMethod.POST)
- public void registPost() {
- }
@RequestMapping(value = "/user/regist.htm", method = RequestMethod.GET)public void regist() {}@RequestMapping(value = "/user/regist.htm", method = RequestMethod.POST)public void registPost() {}
method属性可以让Controller处理特定的HTTP方法,本例中为POST和GET,也可以指定同时处理多个HTTP方法。
三:请求参数的传入
在Controller方法中声明方法参数,那么同名的HTTP请求参数将自动转换为相应类型,并传入方法。
- @RequestMapping("/user/regist.htm")
- public void regist(String username, String password, int age) {
- }
@RequestMapping("/user/regist.htm")public void regist(String username, String password, int age) { }
当访问地址/user/regist.html?age=20&username=user&password=pwd时,那么传入regist方法的username==user,password==pwd,age==20。
请求参数的传入同样支持类似与struts2 ModelDriven的bean参数传递。例如把该例中的username,password,age参数通过user bean传入。
- public class User {
- private String username;
- private String password;
- private int age;
- //getter,setter
- }
public class User { private String username; private String password; private int age; //getter,setter }
- @RequestMapping("/user/regist.htm")
- public void regist(User user) {
- System.out.println(user.getAge());
- System.out.println(user.getUsername());
- }
@RequestMapping("/user/regist.htm")public void regist(User user) { System.out.println(user.getAge()); System.out.println(user.getUsername());}
访问http://localhost:8080/spring-mvc/user/regist.htm?username=user&password=pwd&age=20时,将打印出20,pwd。spring为自动查找bean的属性,并更具属性名映射相应的请求参数。