Django基础，Day6 - 单元测试tests

在django项目app目录下，有个tests.py,我们通常可以直接在这文件中写我们的单元测试代码。

test for a model

根据前面章节的操作步骤下来，在Question Model中有一个函数 was_published_recently(),判断文章发表时间在当前一天之内。代码如

1 2	def  was_published_recently( self ):        return  self .pub_date > =  timezone.now()  -  datetime.timedelta(days = 1 )

仔细检查，可发现上述函数有个bug。如果发表时间在未来呢，按照上面的代码是会返回true的，显然不对。

编写测试用例 polls/tests.py：

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from  django.test  import  TestCase import  datetime from  django.utils  import  timezone from  .models  import  Question     class  QuestionMethodTests(TestCase):        def  test_was_published_recently_with_future_question( self ):          """          was_published_recently() should return False for questions whose          pub_date is in the future.          """          time  =  timezone.now()  +  datetime.timedelta(days = 30 )          future_question  =  Question(pub_date = time)          self .assertIs(future_question.was_published_recently(),  False )

运行测试用例

$ python manage.py test polls

运行结果如：

Creating test database for alias 'default'...
F
======================================================================
FAIL: test_was_published_recently_with_future_question (polls.tests.QuestionMethodTests)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "E:\workspace_python\mysite\polls\tests.py", line 16, in test_was_published_recently_with_future_question
    self.assertIs(future_question.was_published_recently(), False)
AssertionError: True is not False

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.002s

FAILED (failures=1)
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...

What happened is this:

• python manage.py test polls looked for tests in the polls application
• it found a subclass of the django.test.TestCase class
• it created a special database for the purpose of testing
• it looked for test methods - ones whose names begin with test
• in test_was_published_recently_with_future_question it created a Question instance whose pub_datefield is 30 days in the future
• ... and using the assertIs() method, it discovered that its was_published_recently() returns True, though we wanted it to return False

修复该bug，代码如

1 2 3

def  was_published_recently( self ):      now  =  timezone.now()      return  now  -  datetime.timedelta(days = 1 ) < =  self .pub_date < =  now

重新运行测试代码,则用例通过。

$ python manage.py test polls
Creating test database for alias 'default'...
.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.001s

OK
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...

添加更多的测试用例，如

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from  django.test  import  TestCase import  datetime from  django.utils  import  timezone from  .models  import  Question     class  QuestionMethodTests(TestCase):        def  test_was_published_recently_with_future_question( self ):          """          was_published_recently() should return False for questions whose          pub_date is in the future.          """          time  =  timezone.now()  +  datetime.timedelta(days = 30 )          future_question  =  Question(pub_date = time)          self .assertIs(future_question.was_published_recently(),  False )        def  test_was_published_recently_with_old_question( self ):          """          was_published_recently() should return False for questions whose          pub_date is older than 1 day.          """          time  =  timezone.now()  -  datetime.timedelta(days = 30 )          old_question  =  Question(pub_date = time)          self .assertIs(old_question.was_published_recently(),  False )        def  test_was_published_recently_with_recent_question( self ):          """          was_published_recently() should return True for questions whose          pub_date is within the last day.          """          time  =  timezone.now()  -  datetime.timedelta(hours = 1 )          recent_question  =  Question(pub_date = time)          self .assertIs(recent_question.was_published_recently(),  True )

test for a view

以view.index 为例，显然现在的代码也有bug，显示了发布时间属于将来的文章，代码如

测试之前，先修复view.index 中应该不显示发布时间在将来的文章。测试代码代码如

polls/views.py:

polls/index.html:

 测试用例代码

Django provides a test Client to simulate a user interacting with the code at the view level

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from  django.test  import  TestCase import  datetime from  django.urls  import  reverse from  django.utils  import  timezone from  .models  import  Question   class  QuestionViewTests(TestCase):      def  test_index_view_with_no_questions( self ):          """          If no questions exist, an appropriate message should be displayed.          """          response  =  self .client.get(reverse( 'polls:index' ))          self .assertEqual(response.status_code,  200 )          self .assertContains(response,  "No polls are available." )          self .assertQuerysetEqual(response.context[ 'latest_question_list' ], [])        def  test_index_view_with_a_past_question( self ):          """          Questions with a pub_date in the past should be displayed on the          index page.          """          create_question(question_text = "Past question." , days = - 30 )          response  =  self .client.get(reverse( 'polls:index' ))          self .assertQuerysetEqual(              response.context[ 'latest_question_list' ],              [ '<Question: Past question.>' ]          )        def  test_index_view_with_a_future_question( self ):          """          Questions with a pub_date in the future should not be displayed on          the index page.          """          create_question(question_text = "Future question." , days = 30 )          response  =  self .client.get(reverse( 'polls:index' ))          self .assertContains(response,  "No polls are available." )          self .assertQuerysetEqual(response.context[ 'latest_question_list' ], [])        def  test_index_view_with_future_question_and_past_question( self ):          """          Even if both past and future questions exist, only past questions          should be displayed.          """          create_question(question_text = "Past question." , days = - 30 )          create_question(question_text = "Future question." , days = 30 )          response  =  self .client.get(reverse( 'polls:index' ))          self .assertQuerysetEqual(              response.context[ 'latest_question_list' ],              [ '<Question: Past question.>' ]          )        def  test_index_view_with_two_past_questions( self ):          """          The questions index page may display multiple questions.          """          create_question(question_text = "Past question 1." , days = - 30 )          create_question(question_text = "Past question 2." , days = - 5 )          response  =  self .client.get(reverse( 'polls:index' ))          self .assertQuerysetEqual(              response.context[ 'latest_question_list' ],              [ '<Question: Past question 2.>' ,  '<Question: Past question 1.>' ]          )