ScatteringByteChannel和GatheringByteChannel

分散和集聚 通道

分散/聚集 I/O 是使用多个而不是单个缓冲区来保存数据的读写方法。

一个分散的读取就像一个常规通道读取，只不过它是将数据读到一个缓冲区数组中而不是读到单个缓冲区中。同样地，一个聚集写入是向缓冲区数组而不是向单个缓冲区写入数据。

分散/聚集 I/O 对于将数据流划分为单独的部分很有用，这有助于实现复杂的数据格式。

源代码如下：

A channel that can read bytes into a sequence of buffers. * * <p> A <i>scattering</i> read operation reads, in a single invocation, a * sequence of bytes into one or more of a given sequence of buffers. * Scattering reads are often useful when implementing network protocols or * file formats that, for example, group data into segments consisting of one * or more fixed-length headers followed by a variable-length body. Similar * <i>gathering</i> write operations are defined in the {@link * GatheringByteChannel} interface. </p> * * * @author Mark Reinhold * @author JSR-51 Expert Group * @version 1.15, 06/04/19 * @since 1.4 */ public interface ScatteringByteChannel extends ReadableByteChannel { /** * Reads a sequence of bytes from this channel into a subsequence of the * given buffers. * * <p> An invocation of this method attempts to read up to <i>r</i> bytes * from this channel, where <i>r</i> is the total number of bytes remaining * the specified subsequence of the given buffer array, that is, * * <blockquote><pre> * dsts[offset].remaining() * + dsts[offset+1].remaining() * + ... + dsts[offset+length-1].remaining()</pre></blockquote> * * at the moment that this method is invoked. * * <p> Suppose that a byte sequence of length <i>n</i> is read, where * <tt>0</tt> <tt><=</tt> <i>n</i> <tt><=</tt> <i>r</i>. * Up to the first <tt>dsts[offset].remaining()</tt> bytes of this sequence * are transferred into buffer <tt>dsts[offset]</tt>, up to the next * <tt>dsts[offset+1].remaining()</tt> bytes are transferred into buffer * <tt>dsts[offset+1]</tt>, and so forth, until the entire byte sequence * is transferred into the given buffers. As many bytes as possible are * transferred into each buffer, hence the final position of each updated * buffer, except the last updated buffer, is guaranteed to be equal to * that buffer's limit. * * <p> This method may be invoked at any time. If another thread has * already initiated a read operation upon this channel, however, then an * invocation of this method will block until the first operation is * complete. </p> * * @param dsts * The buffers into which bytes are to be transferred * * @param offset * The offset within the buffer array of the first buffer into * which bytes are to be transferred; must be non-negative and no * larger than <tt>dsts.length</tt> * * @param length * The maximum number of buffers to be accessed; must be * non-negative and no larger than * <tt>dsts.length</tt> - <tt>offset</tt> * * @return The number of bytes read, possibly zero, * or <tt>-1</tt> if the channel has reached end-of-stream * * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException * If the preconditions on the <tt>offset</tt> and <tt>length</tt> * parameters do not hold * * @throws NonReadableChannelException * If this channel was not opened for reading * * @throws ClosedChannelException * If this channel is closed * * @throws AsynchronousCloseException * If another thread closes this channel * while the read operation is in progress * * @throws ClosedByInterruptException * If another thread interrupts the current thread * while the read operation is in progress, thereby * closing the channel and setting the current thread's * interrupt status * * @throws IOException * If some other I/O error occurs */ public long read(ByteBuffer[] dsts, int offset, int length) throws IOException; /** * Reads a sequence of bytes from this channel into the given buffers. * * <p> An invocation of this method of the form <tt>c.read(dsts)</tt> * behaves in exactly the same manner as the invocation * * <blockquote><pre> * c.read(dsts, 0, dsts.length);</pre></blockquote> * * @param dsts * The buffers into which bytes are to be transferred * * @return The number of bytes read, possibly zero, * or <tt>-1</tt> if the channel has reached end-of-stream * * @throws NonReadableChannelException * If this channel was not opened for reading * * @throws ClosedChannelException * If this channel is closed * * @throws AsynchronousCloseException * If another thread closes this channel * while the read operation is in progress * * @throws ClosedByInterruptException * If another thread interrupts the current thread * while the read operation is in progress, thereby * closing the channel and setting the current thread's * interrupt status * * @throws IOException * If some other I/O error occurs */ public long read(ByteBuffer[] dsts) throws IOException; } 

这些 long read() 方法很像标准的 read 方法，只不过它们不是取单个缓冲区而是取一个缓冲区数组。

在 分散读取 中，通道依次填充每个缓冲区。填满一个缓冲区后，它就开始填充下一个。在某种意义上，缓冲区数组就像一个大缓冲区。

分散/聚集 I/O 对于将数据划分为几个部分很有用。例如，您可能在编写一个使用消息对象的网络应用程序，每一个消息被划分为固定长度的头部和固定长度的正文。您可以创建一个刚好可以容纳头部的缓冲区和另一个刚好可以容难正文的缓冲区。当您将它们放入一个数组中并使用分散读取来向它们读入消息时，头部和正文将整齐地划分到这两个缓冲区中。

我们从缓冲区所得到的方便性对于缓冲区数组同样有效。因为每一个缓冲区都跟踪自己还可以接受多少数据，所以分散读取会自动找到有空间接受数据的第一个缓冲区。在这个缓冲区填满后，它就会移动到下一个缓冲区。

 

 

ScatteringByteChannel是一个借口，对应的File流、TCP、UDP及管道有四个实现，FileChannel、DatagramChannel、SocketChannel及Pipe$SourceChannel，分别在不同场景使用。