根据CPU核数合理设置线程池大小

package com.lc.concurrent;
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class MyThreadPoolExecutor {
    //最大可用的CPU核数
    public static final int PROCESSORS=Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
    //线程最大的空闲存活时间，单位为秒
    public static final int KEEPALIVETIME=60;
    //任务缓存队列长度
    public static final int BLOCKINGQUEUE_LENGTH=500;

    public ThreadPoolExecutor createThreadPool(){
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(PROCESSORS * 2,PROCESSORS * 4,KEEPALIVETIME,TimeUnit.SECONDS,
        new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(BLOCKINGQUEUE_LENGTH));
    }
} 

一般来说池中总线程数是核心池线程数量两倍，只要确保当核心池有线程停止时，核心池外能有线程进入核心池即可。  

我们所需要关心的主要是核心池线程的数量该如何设置。线程中的任务最终是交给CPU的线程去处理的，而CPU可同时

处理线程数量大部分是CPU核数的两倍，运行环境中CPU的核数我们可以通过Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()

这个方法而获取。理论上来说核心池线程数量应该为Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()*2，那么结果是否

符合我们的预期呢，可以来测试一下。

package com.lc.concurrent;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;

public class CreateThreads {
    public synchronized static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(MyThreadPoolExecutor.PROCESSORS);
        new CreateThreads().test();
    }

    public synchronized void test(){
        ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor=new MyThreadPoolExecutor().createThreadPool();
            for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
                MyTask myTask = new MyTask(i);
                threadPoolExecutor.execute(myTask);
            }
            threadPoolExecutor.shutdown();
        }
    }

class MyTask implements Runnable{
    private int i;

    public MyTask(int i){
        this.i=i;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("任务"+i+"开始执行"+System.currentTimeMillis());
        for (int i=0;i<32766;i++){
            Random random=new Random();
            int randNum=random.nextInt();
            int[] a={1,2,3,4,5,6,9,18,290,238,991,100,19,1932,randNum};
            Arrays.sort(a);
            Arrays.hashCode(a);
            Arrays.stream(a);
        }
        System.out.println("任务"+i+"结束执行"+System.currentTimeMillis());
    }
}

本机CPU核数为4，可同时处理8线程，测试结果如下：

   核心池线程数量     执行耗时（毫秒,多次测试结果以/间隔）
         4                   474/479/471
         8                   430/436/421
         12                  432/425/438
         16                  437/431/449
         20                  471/481/469
        

可以发现当线程数量小于CPU核数两倍时速度明显较慢，超过两倍后速度差不多，当核心池数量过多时，速度又会显著下降

由此可以看出，核心池线程数量大小应在CPU核数两倍以上且不过多。

所以说，将线程池的核心池线程数量配置为CPU核数的两倍是比较合适的。

分类: java多线程与并发编程

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