复杂查询—自链接

创建了三张表

部门表

mysql> select * from dept;
+--------+------------+----------+
| deptno | danme      | loc      |
+--------+------------+----------+
|     10 | accounting | new york |
|     20 | research   | dallas   |
|     30 | sales      | chicago  |
|     40 | operations | bosion   |
+--------+------------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.46 sec)

雇员表

mysql> select * from emp;
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| empno | ename  | job       | mgr  | hiredate   | sal     | comm    | deptno |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
|  7369 | smith  | clerk     | 7902 | 1980-12-17 |  800.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7499 | allen  | salesman  | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 |  300.00 |     30 |
|  7521 | ward   | salesman  | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 |  500.00 |     30 |
|  7566 | jones  | manager   | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7654 | martin | salesman  | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 |     30 |
|  7698 | blake  | manager   | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 |    NULL |     30 |
|  7782 | clark  | manager   | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 |    NULL |     10 |
|  7788 | scott  | analyst   | 7566 | 1987-04-19 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7839 | king   | president | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 |    NULL |     10 |
|  7844 | iurner | salesman  | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 |    NULL |     30 |
|  7900 | james  | clerk     | 7698 | 1981-12-03 |  950.00 |    NULL |     30 |
|  7902 | ford   | analyst   | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7934 | miller | clerk     | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 |    NULL |     10 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
13 rows in set (0.02 sec)

薪资级别表

mysql> select * from salgrade;
+-------+---------+---------+
| grade | losal   | hisal   |
+-------+---------+---------+
|     1 |  700.00 | 1200.00 |
|     2 | 1201.00 | 1400.00 |
|     3 | 1401.00 | 2000.00 |
|     4 | 2001.00 | 3000.00 |
|     5 | 3001.00 | 9999.00 |
+-------+---------+---------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

自连接

把同一张表通过取别名看成两张表来用 就是自连接

案例说明

查询某个员工ford的上级领导信息

使用子查询的方式（以前的知识点）

//先查询 ford 上级的编号
mysql> select mgr from emp where ename = 'ford';
+------+
| mgr  |
+------+
| 7566 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

//通过编号 获取上级的所有信息
mysql> select * from emp where empno = (select mgr from emp where ename = 'ford');
+-------+-------+---------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
| empno | ename | job     | mgr  | hiredate   | sal     | comm | deptno |
+-------+-------+---------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
|  7566 | jones | manager | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 | NULL |     20 |
+-------+-------+---------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

要求使用多表查询

//把同一张表通过取别名看成两张表来用 就是自连接
mysql> select worker.ename, leader.ename from emp worker, emp leader where worker.mgr = leader.empno;
+--------+-------+
| ename  | ename |
+--------+-------+
| scott  | jones |
| ford   | jones |
| allen  | blake |
| ward   | blake |
| martin | blake |
| iurner | blake |
| james  | blake |
| miller | clark |
| jones  | king  |
| blake  | king  |
| clark  | king  |
| smith  | ford  |
+--------+-------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)

//取别名 中间可以省略 as
mysql> select worker.ename, leader.ename from emp worker, emp leader where worker.mgr = leader.empno and worker.ename = 'ford';
+-------+-------+
| ename | ename |
+-------+-------+
| ford  | jones |
+-------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)