springmvc搭建环境思路

第一步：配置jar包

<properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
   

第二步：在web.xml中配置springMVC的前端控制器dispatcherservlet

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  <!--配置springMVC的前端控制器DispatcherServlet-->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!--初始化参数，配置springMVC配置文件的位置和名称-->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
      <!--表示容器在启动时，立即加载dispatcherServlet-->
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <!--让springMVC前端控制器拦截所有的请求-->
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

第三步：创建springMVC配置文件，文件名与web.xml中的文件名一致

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!--开启注解扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.itwangqi"></context:component-scan>
    <!--视图解析器的配置-->
    <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--配置前缀和后缀-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>
    <!--开启SpringMVC注解的支持,一键式配置法-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
</beans>

第四步：创建处理请求的控制器类，类名自定义，此处为Hello，重点是两个注释@Controller和@RequestMapping
@Controller:对类进行标注使其成为一个可以处理http请求的控制器
@RequestMapping：为控制器指定可以处理哪些URL请求。标注在类上时，该类所有的方法都将映射为相对于类级别的请求；标注在方法上时，该方法将会成为一个请求处理方法，它会在程序接受到对应的URL请求时被调用。

package com.itwangqi.User;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

/**
 * @author 王琦
 * @create 2020/3/21 - 19:01
 */
@Controller
public class Hello {
    @RequestMapping(path = "/hello")
    public String sayHello(){
        System.out.println("HELLO SPRINGMVC!");
        return "success";
    }
}

第五步：创建视图页面

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Asus
  Date: 2020/3/21
  Time: 18:44
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>springMVC的入门程序</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h3>入门程序</h3>
    <a href="hello">入门</a>
</body>
</html>

/WEB-INF/pages/success.jsp

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Asus
  Date: 2020/3/21
  Time: 19:10
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h3>入门成功</h3>
</body>
</html>