TreeMap
结构
public class TreeMap<K,V>
extends AbstractMap<K,V>
implements NavigableMap<K,V>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
特点
- 基于红黑树实现
- 线程不安全
- 可插入null
- 如果集合没有指定的比较器则key必须实现Comparable接口
NavigableMap接口
提供按升序或降序键顺序访问和遍历
public interface NavigableMap<K,V> extends SortedMap<K,V> {
//返回小于key的第一个元素
Map.Entry<K,V> lowerEntry(K key);
//返回小于key的第一个键
K lowerKey(K key);
//返回小于等于key的第一个元素
Map.Entry<K,V> floorEntry(K key);
//返回与大于或等于给定键的最小键相关联的键值映射,如果没有此键,则 null 。
Map.Entry<K,V> ceilingEntry(K key);
//返回大于key的第一个元素
Map.Entry<K,V> higherEntry(K key);
//返回集合中第一个元素
Map.Entry<K,V> firstEntry();
//返回集合中最后一个元素
Map.Entry<K,V> lastEntry();
//返回集合中第一个元素,并从集合中删除
Map.Entry<K,V> pollFirstEntry();
//返回集合中最后一个元素,并从集合中删除
Map.Entry<K,V> pollLastEntry();
//返回倒序的Map集合
NavigableMap<K,V> descendingMap();
}
成员变量
//节点集合
private transient EntrySet entrySet;
//键集合
private transient KeySet<K> navigableKeySet;
//倒序map集合
private transient NavigableMap<K,V> descendingMap;
//比较器
private final Comparator<? super K> comparator;
//树的根节点
private transient Entry<K,V> root;
内部类
Entry
TreeMap中的树节点
static final class Entry<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
K key;
V value;
Entry<K,V> left;
Entry<K,V> right;
Entry<K,V> parent;
boolean color = BLACK;
}
PrivateEntryIterator
TreeMap的基本迭代器
abstract class PrivateEntryIterator<T> implements Iterator<T> {
Entry<K,V> next;
Entry<K,V> lastReturned;
int expectedModCount;
//从指定头节点开始遍历
PrivateEntryIterator(Entry<K,V> first) {
expectedModCount = modCount;
lastReturned = null;
next = first;
}
public final boolean hasNext() {
return next != null;
}
final Entry<K,V> nextEntry() {
Entry<K,V> e = next;
if (e == null)
throw new NoSuchElementException();
if (modCount != expectedModCount)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
//获得后继节点
next = successor(e);
lastReturned = e;
return e;
}
final Entry<K,V> prevEntry() {
Entry<K,V> e = next;
if (e == null)
throw new NoSuchElementException();
if (modCount != expectedModCount)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
//获得前驱节点
next = predecessor(e);
lastReturned = e;
return e;
}
public void remove() {
if (lastReturned == null)
throw new IllegalStateException();
if (modCount != expectedModCount)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
// 由后继元素替换当前删除元素作为下一次遍历的元素
if (lastReturned.left != null && lastReturned.right != null)
next = lastReturned;
//删除当前节点
deleteEntry(lastReturned);
expectedModCount = modCount;
lastReturned = null;
}
}
重要方法
只分析TreeMap的遍历方法,对于插入和删除方法都是基于红黑树,理解了红黑树自然就能理解。
get(Object key)
public V get(Object key) {
Entry<K,V> p = getEntry(key);
return (p==null ? null : p.value);
}
final Entry<K,V> getEntry(Object key) {
// 如果当前TreeMap的比较器不为空则调用比较器来获得key
if (comparator != null)
return getEntryUsingComparator(key);
if (key == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
//存入TreeMap中的键如果不存在比较器则必须继承Comparable接口,否则抛出ClassCastException
Comparable<? super K> k = (Comparable<? super K>) key;
Entry<K,V> p = root;
//调用Comparable接口中的compareTo方法来判断key是否相等
while (p != null) {
int cmp = k.compareTo(p.key);
if (cmp < 0)
p = p.left;
else if (cmp > 0)
p = p.right;
else
return p;
}
return null;
}
//通过调用比较器的compare方法来查找key
final Entry<K,V> getEntryUsingComparator(Object key) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
K k = (K) key;
Comparator<? super K> cpr = comparator;
if (cpr != null) {
Entry<K,V> p = root;
while (p != null) {
int cmp = cpr.compare(k, p.key);
if (cmp < 0)
p = p.left;
else if (cmp > 0)
p = p.right;
else
return p;
}
}
return null;
}