#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
cv::Mat image_make_border(cv::Mat& src)
{
int w = getOptimalDFTSize(src.cols);
int h = getOptimalDFTSize(src.rows);
Mat padded;
copyMakeBorder(src, padded, 0, h - src.rows, 0, w - src.cols, BORDER_CONSTANT, Scalar::all(0));
padded.convertTo(padded, CV_32FC1);
return padded;
}
//频率域滤波
Mat frequency_filter(Mat& scr, Mat& blur)
{
//***********************DFT*******************
Mat plane[] = { scr, Mat::zeros(scr.size() , CV_32FC1) }; //创建通道,存储dft后的实部与虚部(CV_32F,必须为单通道数)
Mat complexIm;
merge(plane, 2, complexIm);//合并通道 (把两个矩阵合并为一个2通道的Mat类容器)
dft(complexIm, complexIm);//进行傅立叶变换,结果保存在自身
//***************中心化********************
split(complexIm, plane);//分离通道(数组分离)
// plane[0] = plane[0](Rect(0, 0, plane[0].cols & -2, plane[0].rows & -2));//这里为什么&上-2具体查看opencv文档
int cx = plane[0].cols / 2; int cy = plane[0].rows / 2;//以下的操作是移动图像 (零频移到中心)
Mat part1_r(plane[0], Rect(0, 0, cx, cy));//元素坐标表示为(cx,cy)
Mat part2_r(plane[0], Rect(cx, 0, cx, cy));
Mat part3_r(plane[0], Rect(0, cy, cx, cy));
Mat part4_r(plane[0], Rect(cx, cy, cx, cy));
Mat temp;
part1_r.copyTo(temp);//左上与右下交换位置(实部)
part4_r.copyTo(part1_r);
temp.copyTo(part4_r);
part2_r.copyTo(temp);//右上与左下交换位置(实部)
part3_r.copyTo(part2_r);
temp.copyTo(part3_r);
Mat part1_i(plane[1], Rect(0, 0, cx, cy));//元素坐标(cx,cy)
Mat part2_i(plane[1], Rect(cx, 0, cx, cy));
Mat part3_i(plane[1], Rect(0, cy, cx, cy));
Mat part4_i(plane[1], Rect(cx, cy, cx, cy));
part1_i.copyTo(temp);//左上与右下交换位置(虚部)
part4_i.copyTo(part1_i);
temp.copyTo(part4_i);
part2_i.copyTo(temp);//右上与左下交换位置(虚部)
part3_i.copyTo(part2_i);
temp.copyTo(part3_i);
//*****************滤波器函数与DFT结果的乘积****************
Mat blur_r, blur_i, BLUR;
multiply(plane[0], blur, blur_r); //滤波(实部与滤波器模板对应元素相乘)
multiply(plane[1], blur, blur_i);//滤波(虚部与滤波器模板对应元素相乘)
Mat plane1[] = { blur_r, blur_i };
merge(plane1, 2, BLUR);//实部与虚部合并
//*********************得到原图频谱图***********************************
magnitude(plane[0], plane[1], plane[0]);//获取幅度图像,0通道为实部通道,1为虚部,因为二维傅立叶变换结果是复数
//plane[0] += Scalar::all(1);//傅立叶变换后的图片不好分析,进行对数处理,结果比较好看
log(plane[0], plane[0]);//float型的灰度空间为[0,1])
normalize(plane[0], plane[0], 1, 0, NORM_MINMAX);//归一化便于显示
imshow("dft", plane[0]);
idft(BLUR, BLUR);//idft结果也为复数
split(BLUR, plane);//分离通道,主要获取通道
magnitude(plane[0], plane[1], plane[0]);//求幅值(模)
normalize(plane[0], plane[0], 1, 0, NORM_MINMAX);//归一化便于显示
return plane[0];//返回参数
}
//*****************理想低通滤波器***********************
Mat ideal_low_kernel(Mat& scr, float sigma)
{
Mat ideal_high_pass(scr.size(), CV_32FC1); //,CV_32FC1
float d0 = sigma;//半径D0越小,模糊越大;半径D0越大,模糊越小
for (int i = 0; i < scr.rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < scr.cols; j++) {
double d = sqrt(pow((i - scr.rows / 2), 2) + pow((j - scr.cols / 2), 2));//分子,计算pow必须为float型
if (d <= d0) {
ideal_high_pass.at<float>(i, j) = 0;
}
else {
ideal_high_pass.at<float>(i, j) = 1;
}
}
}
string name = "理想高通滤波器d0=" + std::to_string(sigma);
imshow(name, ideal_high_pass);
return ideal_high_pass;
}
//理想低通滤波器
cv::Mat ideal_low_pass_filter(Mat& src, float sigma)
{
Mat padded = image_make_border(src);
Mat ideal_kernel = ideal_low_kernel(padded, sigma);
Mat result = frequency_filter(padded, ideal_kernel);
return result;
}
Mat butterworth_low_kernel(Mat& scr, float sigma, int n)
{
Mat butterworth_low_pass(scr.size(), CV_32FC1); //,CV_32FC1
double D0 = sigma;//半径D0越小,模糊越大;半径D0越大,模糊越小
for (int i = 0; i < scr.rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < scr.cols; j++) {
double d = sqrt(pow((i - scr.rows / 2), 2) + pow((j - scr.cols / 2), 2));//分子,计算pow必须为float型
butterworth_low_pass.at<float>(i, j) = 1.0 / (1 + pow(d / D0, 2 * n));
}
}
string name = "巴特沃斯低通滤波器d0=" + std::to_string(sigma) + "n=" + std::to_string(n);
imshow(name, butterworth_low_pass);
return butterworth_low_pass;
}
//巴特沃斯低通滤波器
Mat butterworth_low_paass_filter(Mat& src, float d0, int n)
{
//H = 1 / (1+(D/D0)^2n) n表示巴特沃斯滤波器的次数
//阶数n=1 无振铃和负值 阶数n=2 轻微振铃和负值 阶数n=5 明显振铃和负值 阶数n=20 与ILPF相似
Mat padded = image_make_border(src);
Mat butterworth_kernel = butterworth_low_kernel(padded, d0, n);
Mat result = frequency_filter(padded, butterworth_kernel);
return result;
}
Mat gaussian_low_pass_kernel(Mat scr, float sigma)
{
Mat gaussianBlur(scr.size(), CV_32FC1); //,CV_32FC1
float d0 = 2 * sigma * sigma;//高斯函数参数,越小,频率高斯滤波器越窄,滤除高频成分越多,图像就越平滑
for (int i = 0; i < scr.rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < scr.cols; j++) {
float d = pow(float(i - scr.rows / 2), 2) + pow(float(j - scr.cols / 2), 2);//分子,计算pow必须为float型
gaussianBlur.at<float>(i, j) = expf(-d / d0);//expf为以e为底求幂(必须为float型)
}
}
// Mat show = gaussianBlur.clone();
// //归一化到[0,255]供显示
// normalize(show, show, 0, 255, NORM_MINMAX);
// //转化成CV_8U型
// show.convertTo(show, CV_8U);
// std::string pic_name = "gaussi" + std::to_string((int)sigma) + ".jpg";
// imwrite( pic_name, show);
imshow("高斯低通滤波器", gaussianBlur);
return gaussianBlur;
}
//高斯低通
Mat gaussian_low_pass_filter(Mat& src, float d0)
{
Mat padded = image_make_border(src);
Mat gaussian_kernel = gaussian_low_pass_kernel(padded, d0);//理想低通滤波器
Mat result = frequency_filter(padded, gaussian_kernel);
return result;
}
Mat ideal_high_kernel(Mat& scr, float sigma)
{
Mat ideal_high_pass(scr.size(), CV_32FC1); //,CV_32FC1
float d0 = sigma;//半径D0越小,模糊越大;半径D0越大,模糊越小
for (int i = 0; i < scr.rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < scr.cols; j++) {
double d = sqrt(pow((i - scr.rows / 2), 2) + pow((j - scr.cols / 2), 2));//分子,计算pow必须为float型
if (d <= d0) {
ideal_high_pass.at<float>(i, j) = 0;
}
else {
ideal_high_pass.at<float>(i, j) = 1;
}
}
}
string name = "理想高通滤波器d0=" + std::to_string(sigma);
imshow(name, ideal_high_pass);
return ideal_high_pass;
}
//理想高通滤波器
cv::Mat ideal_high_pass_filter(Mat& src, float sigma)
{
Mat padded = image_make_border(src);
Mat ideal_kernel = ideal_high_kernel(padded, sigma);
Mat result = frequency_filter(padded, ideal_kernel);
return result;
}
Mat butterworth_high_kernel(Mat& scr, float sigma, int n)
{
Mat butterworth_low_pass(scr.size(), CV_32FC1); //,CV_32FC1
double D0 = sigma;//半径D0越小,模糊越大;半径D0越大,模糊越小
for (int i = 0; i < scr.rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < scr.cols; j++) {
double d = sqrt(pow((i - scr.rows / 2), 2) + pow((j - scr.cols / 2), 2));//分子,计算pow必须为float型
butterworth_low_pass.at<float>(i, j) = 1.0 / (1 + pow(D0 / d, 2 * n));
}
}
string name = "巴特沃斯高通滤波器d0=" + std::to_string(sigma) + "n=" + std::to_string(n);
imshow(name, butterworth_low_pass);
return butterworth_low_pass;
}
//巴特沃斯高通滤波器
Mat butterworth_high_paass_filter(Mat& src, float d0, int n)
{
//H = 1 / (1+(D0/D)^2n) n表示巴特沃斯滤波器的次数
Mat padded = image_make_border(src);
Mat butterworth_kernel = butterworth_high_kernel(padded, d0, n);
Mat result = frequency_filter(padded, butterworth_kernel);
return result;
}
Mat gaussian_high_pass_kernel(Mat scr, float sigma)
{
Mat gaussianBlur(scr.size(), CV_32FC1); //,CV_32FC1
float d0 = 2 * sigma * sigma;
for (int i = 0; i < scr.rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < scr.cols; j++) {
float d = pow(float(i - scr.rows / 2), 2) + pow(float(j - scr.cols / 2), 2);//分子,计算pow必须为float型
gaussianBlur.at<float>(i, j) = 1 - expf(-d / d0);
}
}
imshow("高斯高通滤波器", gaussianBlur);
return gaussianBlur;
}
//高斯高通
Mat gaussian_high_pass_filter(Mat& src, float d0)
{
Mat padded = image_make_border(src);
Mat gaussian_kernel = gaussian_high_pass_kernel(padded, d0);//理想低通滤波器
Mat result = frequency_filter(padded, gaussian_kernel);
return result;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
Mat input = imread("1.jpg", IMREAD_GRAYSCALE);
if (input.empty())
return -1;
imshow("input", input);//显示原图
cv::Mat ideal_low = ideal_low_pass_filter(input, 30);
ideal_low = ideal_low(cv::Rect(0, 0, input.cols, input.rows));
imshow("理想低通", ideal_low);
cv::Mat bw_low = butterworth_low_paass_filter(input, 30, 2);
bw_low = bw_low(cv::Rect(0, 0, input.cols, input.rows));
imshow("巴特沃斯低通", bw_low);
cv::Mat gaussion_low = gaussian_low_pass_filter(input, 30);
gaussion_low = gaussion_low(cv::Rect(0, 0, input.cols, input.rows));
imshow("高斯低通", gaussion_low);
cv::Mat ideal_high = ideal_high_pass_filter(input, 80);
ideal_high = ideal_high(cv::Rect(0, 0, input.cols, input.rows));
imshow("理想高通", ideal_high);
cv::Mat bw_high = butterworth_high_paass_filter(input, 80, 2);
bw_high = bw_high(cv::Rect(0, 0, input.cols, input.rows));
imshow("巴特沃斯高通", bw_high);
cv::Mat gaussion_high = gaussian_high_pass_filter(input, 80);
gaussion_high = gaussion_high(cv::Rect(0, 0, input.cols, input.rows));
imshow("高斯高通", gaussion_high);
waitKey();
return 0;
}
这些滤波器,说白了就是掩码,和原图的傅里叶变换图进行与运算
最核心的部分就是下面這部分,注意要对实部和虚部都进行傅里叶变换。
**
越亮代表该波在原图中存在的越多,也就是频率越高。
一副dft原图像中四周都是低频信息,越靠近中间越是高频信息,。
**
//频率域滤波
Mat frequency_filter(Mat& scr, Mat& blur)
{
//***********************DFT*******************
Mat plane[] = { scr, Mat::zeros(scr.size() , CV_32FC1) }; //创建通道,存储dft后的实部与虚部(CV_32F,必须为单通道数)
Mat complexIm;
merge(plane, 2, complexIm);//合并通道 (把两个矩阵合并为一个2通道的Mat类容器)
dft(complexIm, complexIm);//进行傅立叶变换,结果保存在自身
//***************中心化********************
split(complexIm, plane);//分离通道(数组分离)
// plane[0] = plane[0](Rect(0, 0, plane[0].cols & -2, plane[0].rows & -2));//这里为什么&上-2具体查看opencv文档
int cx = plane[0].cols / 2; int cy = plane[0].rows / 2;//以下的操作是移动图像 (零频移到中心)
Mat part1_r(plane[0], Rect(0, 0, cx, cy));//元素坐标表示为(cx,cy)
Mat part2_r(plane[0], Rect(cx, 0, cx, cy));
Mat part3_r(plane[0], Rect(0, cy, cx, cy));
Mat part4_r(plane[0], Rect(cx, cy, cx, cy));
Mat temp;
part1_r.copyTo(temp);//左上与右下交换位置(实部)
part4_r.copyTo(part1_r);
temp.copyTo(part4_r);
part2_r.copyTo(temp);//右上与左下交换位置(实部)
part3_r.copyTo(part2_r);
temp.copyTo(part3_r);
Mat part1_i(plane[1], Rect(0, 0, cx, cy));//元素坐标(cx,cy)
Mat part2_i(plane[1], Rect(cx, 0, cx, cy));
Mat part3_i(plane[1], Rect(0, cy, cx, cy));
Mat part4_i(plane[1], Rect(cx, cy, cx, cy));
part1_i.copyTo(temp);//左上与右下交换位置(虚部)
part4_i.copyTo(part1_i);
temp.copyTo(part4_i);
part2_i.copyTo(temp);//右上与左下交换位置(虚部)
part3_i.copyTo(part2_i);
temp.copyTo(part3_i);
//*****************滤波器函数与DFT结果的乘积****************
Mat blur_r, blur_i, BLUR;
multiply(plane[0], blur, blur_r); //滤波(实部与滤波器模板对应元素相乘)
multiply(plane[1], blur, blur_i);//滤波(虚部与滤波器模板对应元素相乘)
Mat plane1[] = { blur_r, blur_i };
merge(plane1, 2, BLUR);//实部与虚部合并
//*********************得到原图频谱图***********************************
magnitude(plane[0], plane[1], plane[0]);//获取幅度图像,0通道为实部通道,1为虚部,因为二维傅立叶变换结果是复数
//plane[0] += Scalar::all(1);//傅立叶变换后的图片不好分析,进行对数处理,结果比较好看
log(plane[0], plane[0]);//float型的灰度空间为[0,1])
normalize(plane[0], plane[0], 1, 0, NORM_MINMAX);//归一化便于显示
imshow("dft", plane[0]);
idft(BLUR, BLUR);//idft结果也为复数
split(BLUR, plane);//分离通道,主要获取通道
magnitude(plane[0], plane[1], plane[0]);//求幅值(模)
normalize(plane[0], plane[0], 1, 0, NORM_MINMAX);//归一化便于显示
imshow("idft", plane[0]);
return plane[0];//返回参数
}
原图
掩码
傅里叶变换图
反傅里叶变换图