Linux 如何挂载一块未初始化的硬盘

Linux中，挂在一块未初始化的硬盘前，需要确定硬盘已经连接到系统标识，一下是步骤，示例代码：

1. 确认硬盘连接：

使用lsblk或fdisk -l命令列出所有可以使用的硬盘和分区 

fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sdb: 322.1 GB, 322122547200 bytes, 629145600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

或

lsblk

NAME          MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda             8:0    0   80G  0 disk 
├─sda1          8:1    0  512M  0 part /boot
└─sda2          8:2    0 79.5G  0 part 
  ├─rhel-root 253:0    0 73.5G  0 lvm  /
  └─rhel-swap 253:1    0    6G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
sdb             8:16   0  300G  0 disk 
sr0            11:0    1 1024M  0 rom

2. 创建分区：

使用fdisk或parted工具创建新分区

sudo fdisk /dev/sdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xaeb3bdfb.

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): e
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-629145599, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-629145599, default 629145599): 
Using default value 629145599
Partition 1 of type Extended and of size 300 GiB is set

Command (m for help): q

3. 格式化分区， 使用mkfs 格式化新分区

sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb

mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
/dev/sdb is entire device, not just one partition!
Proceed anyway? (y,n) y  
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
19660800 inodes, 78643200 blocks
3932160 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2227175424
2400 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
    4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

4. 挂在分区

mount /dev/sdb /mnt/newdisk

如果自动挂在可以执行：

echo '/dev/sdb /mnt/newdisk ext4 defaults 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab