### Error updating database. Cause: java.sql.SQLException: ORA-01461: 仅能绑定要插入 LONG 列的 LONG 值

打印日志：

4:08:12.674 [http-nio-80-exec-23] ERROR c.b.f.w.e.GlobalExceptionHandler - [notFount,63] - 运行时异常:
org.springframework.jdbc.UncategorizedSQLException: 
### Error updating database.  Cause: java.sql.SQLException: ORA-01461: 仅能绑定要插入 LONG 列的 LONG 值

### The error may exist in file [D:\IdeaProjects\bytd-topc\target\classes\mapper\topc\TheoryMapper.xml]
### The error may involve com.bytd.topc.mapper.TheoryMapper.insertTheory-Inline
### The error occurred while setting parameters
### SQL: insert into topc_theory    ( theory_id,    title,    theory_content,    theory_type,    create_by,            attachment,    theory_status,                create_time )           values ( ?,    ?,    ?,    ?,    ?,            ?,    0,                sysdate+1/3 )
### Cause: java.sql.SQLException: ORA-01461: 仅能绑定要插入 LONG 列的 LONG 值

; uncategorized SQLException; SQL state [72000]; error code [1461]; ORA-01461: 仅能绑定要插入 LONG 列的 LONG 值
; nested exception is java.sql.SQLException: ORA-01461: 仅能绑定要插入 LONG 列的 LONG 值

	at org.springframework.jdbc.support.AbstractFallbackSQLExceptionTranslator.translate(AbstractFallbackSQLExceptionTranslator.java:89)
	at org.springframework.jdbc.support.AbstractFallbackSQLExceptionTranslator.translate(AbstractFallbackSQLExceptionTranslator.java:81)
	at org.springframework.jdbc.support.AbstractFallbackSQLExceptionTranslator.translate(AbstractFallbackSQLExceptionTranslator.java:81)
	at org.mybatis.spring.MyBatisExceptionTranslator.translateExceptionIfPossible(MyBatisExceptionTranslator.java:73)
	at org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate$SqlSessionInterceptor.invoke(SqlSessionTemplate.java:446)
	at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy94.insert(Unknown Source)
	at org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate.insert(SqlSessionTemplate.java:278)
	at org.apache.ibatis.binding.MapperMethod.execute(MapperMethod.java:58)
	at org.apache.ibatis.binding.MapperProxy.invoke(MapperProxy.java:59)
	at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy124.insertTheory(Unknown Source)
	at com.bytd.topc.service.impl.TheoryServiceImpl.insertTheory(TheoryServiceImpl.java:56)
	at com.bytd.topc.controller.TheoryController.addSave(TheoryController.java:146)
	at com.bytd.topc.controller.TheoryController$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$19714fad.invoke(<generated>)
	at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invoke(MethodProxy.java:218)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$CglibMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(CglibAopProxy.java:749)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:163)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.adapter.AfterReturningAdviceInterceptor.invoke(AfterReturningAdviceInterceptor.java:55)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:175)
	at org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJAfterThrowingAdvice.invoke(AspectJAfterThrowingAdvice.java:62)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:175)
	at org.apache.shiro.spring.security.interceptor.AopAllianceAnnotationsAuthorizingMethodInterceptor$1.proceed(AopAllianceAnnotationsAuthorizingMethodInterceptor.java:82)
	at org.apache.shiro.authz.aop.AuthorizingMethodInterceptor.invoke(AuthorizingMethodInterceptor.java:39)
	at org.apache.shiro.spring.security.interceptor.AopAllianceAnnotationsAuthorizingMethodInterceptor.invoke(AopAllianceAnnotationsAuthorizingMethodInterceptor.java:115)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
	at org.springframework.aop.interceptor.ExposeInvocationInterceptor.invoke(ExposeInvocationInterceptor.java:93)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(CglibAopProxy.java:688)
	at com.bytd.topc.controller.TheoryController$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$132f5527.addSave(<generated>)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:189)
	at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:138)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:102)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:895)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:800)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:87)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:1038)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:942)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1005)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doPost(FrameworkServlet.java:908)
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:665)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:882)
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:750)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:231)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
	at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:53)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.executeChain(AdviceFilter.java:108)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.doFilterInternal(AdviceFilter.java:137)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.executeChain(AdviceFilter.java:108)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.doFilterInternal(AdviceFilter.java:137)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.executeChain(AdviceFilter.java:108)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.doFilterInternal(AdviceFilter.java:137)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:61)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.executeChain(AdviceFilter.java:108)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.doFilterInternal(AdviceFilter.java:137)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:66)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter.executeChain(AbstractShiroFilter.java:449)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter$1.call(AbstractShiroFilter.java:365)
	at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.SubjectCallable.doCall(SubjectCallable.java:90)
	at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.SubjectCallable.call(SubjectCallable.java:83)
	at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.DelegatingSubject.execute(DelegatingSubject.java:387)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter.doFilterInternal(AbstractShiroFilter.java:362)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
	at com.alibaba.druid.support.http.WebStatFilter.doFilter(WebStatFilter.java:124)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:99)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.FormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(FormContentFilter.java:92)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:93)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:200)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:199)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:96)
	at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:490)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:139)
	at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:92)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:74)
	at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:343)
	at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:408)
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66)
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:791)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1417)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: java.sql.SQLException: ORA-01461: 仅能绑定要插入 LONG 列的 LONG 值

	at oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CTTIoer.processError(T4CTTIoer.java:445)
	at oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CTTIoer.processError(T4CTTIoer.java:396)
	at oracle.jdbc.driver.T4C8Oall.processError(T4C8Oall.java:879)
	at oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CTTIfun.receive(T4CTTIfun.java:450)
	at oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CTTIfun.doRPC(T4CTTIfun.java:192)
	at oracle.jdbc.driver.T4C8Oall.doOALL(T4C8Oall.java:531)
	at oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CPreparedStatement.doOall8(T4CPreparedStatement.java:207)
	at oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CPreparedStatement.executeForRows(T4CPreparedStatement.java:1044)
	at oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleStatement.doExecuteWithTimeout(OracleStatement.java:1329)
	at oracle.jdbc.driver.OraclePreparedStatement.executeInternal(OraclePreparedStatement.java:3584)
	at oracle.jdbc.driver.OraclePreparedStatement.execute(OraclePreparedStatement.java:3685)
	at oracle.jdbc.driver.OraclePreparedStatementWrapper.execute(OraclePreparedStatementWrapper.java:1376)
	at com.alibaba.druid.filter.FilterChainImpl.preparedStatement_execute(FilterChainImpl.java:3409)
	at com.alibaba.druid.filter.FilterEventAdapter.preparedStatement_execute(FilterEventAdapter.java:440)
	at com.alibaba.druid.filter.FilterChainImpl.preparedStatement_execute(FilterChainImpl.java:3407)
	at com.alibaba.druid.proxy.jdbc.PreparedStatementProxyImpl.execute(PreparedStatementProxyImpl.java:167)
	at com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidPooledPreparedStatement.execute(DruidPooledPreparedStatement.java:497)
	at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor155.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.apache.ibatis.logging.jdbc.PreparedStatementLogger.invoke(PreparedStatementLogger.java:59)
	at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy159.execute(Unknown Source)
	at org.apache.ibatis.executor.statement.PreparedStatementHandler.update(PreparedStatementHandler.java:46)
	at org.apache.ibatis.executor.statement.RoutingStatementHandler.update(RoutingStatementHandler.java:74)
	at org.apache.ibatis.executor.ReuseExecutor.doUpdate(ReuseExecutor.java:52)
	at org.apache.ibatis.executor.BaseExecutor.update(BaseExecutor.java:117)
	at org.apache.ibatis.executor.CachingExecutor.update(CachingExecutor.java:76)
	at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor245.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.apache.ibatis.plugin.Plugin.invoke(Plugin.java:63)
	at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy197.update(Unknown Source)
	at org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession.update(DefaultSqlSession.java:198)
	at org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession.insert(DefaultSqlSession.java:185)
	at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor246.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate$SqlSessionInterceptor.invoke(SqlSessionTemplate.java:433)
	... 109 common frames omitted

原因及解决办法：

这个异常是我在保存一个字段信息的时候出现的，保存的信息过大，超过了我在数据库指定的长度2000

在网上找到了解决方法，这里记录下: 
如果是varchar2类型(最大长度为4000字节)的，当长度超过2000–4000(最大值)之间的时候，Oracle会自动将该字段值转为long型的，插入操作失败。 
解决办法是：将此字段的类型改为clob或者blob类型（执行之前把数据备份，把表清空）；

具体详述见： https://blog.csdn.net/jssg_tzw/article/details/40829867
但是将oracle数据库表中的varchar2类型直接改成clob类型会失败，解决办法如下：新建查询，执行下列代码：

alter table table_name modify col_name long;
alter table table_name modify col_name clob;

•  

在进行此操作之前需要先备份表的数据，然后清空表中的数据，再修改表的字段属性，最后将数据导入即可。 
注：clob不需指定长度。 
1、插入到字符串长度大于4000字节。 
2、插入到表中的记录其中一个是long类型、还有其他实际长度大于2000个字节（如果是 UTF-8，则是1333个字节）；或者是插入的记录中有两个或两个以上长度大于2000字节的字符串 。 
用以下SQL可以查出有可能引起ORA-01461错误的表：

SELECT * FROM 
(SELECT TABLE_NAME, OWNER, count(*) NUM 
FROM DBA_TAB_COLUMNS 
WHERE DATA_TYPE='LONG' 
OR (( DATA_TYPE='VARCHAR2' 
or DATA_TYPE='CHAR' 
or DATA_TYPE='NVARCHAR2' 
or DATA_TYPE='NCHAR') 
AND DATA_LENGTH > 1333) 
AND OWNER NOT IN 
('SYS','SYSTEM','SH','OLAPSYS','MDSYS','WKSYS','ORDSYS','CTXSYS','ODM','XDB','WMSYS','APEX_030200','EXFSYS','SYSMAN','ORDDATA')
GROUP BY TABLE_NAME, OWNER) 
WHERE NUM > 1;

关于错误的其他原因： 
当向ORACLE数据库中插入或更新数据时，报错“ORA-01461: 仅可以为插入 LONG 列的 LONG 值赋值”，可能有以下几种原因： 
1、插入到字符串长度大于4000字节。 
2、插入到表中的记录的某个字段数据的实际长度大于2000个字节（如果是UTF-8，则是1333个字节）；或者是插入的记录中有两个或两个以上长度大于2000字节的字符串。 
3、数据库与客户端的JDBC 驱动不匹配。对于UTF-8或欧洲的某些字符集，oracle在存储时，对于一个字符需要2个或3个字节的存储空间，虽然表定义中为 varchar2(4000)，但是其实该字段的data_length为其2倍或3倍长。这种情况下oracle会把data_length长度超过 4000的当做LONG型处理，你的表中有两个这样的字段，插入数据时相当于同时操作2个LONG字段。