TensorFlow实战——MNIST最佳实践样例程序

TensorFlow实战——MNIST最佳实践样例程序

在全连接神经网络学习完之后，将提供重构之后的程序来解决MNIST问题。重构之后的代码将会被拆成3个程序，第一个是mnist_inference.py，它定义了前向传播的过程以及神经网络中的参数。第二个是mnist_train.py，它定义了神经网络的训练过程。第三个是mnist_eval.py，它定义了测试过程。

mnist_inference.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import tensorflow as tf

INPUT_NODE = 784
OUTPUT_NODE = 10
LAYER1_NODE = 500

def get_weight_variable(shape, regularizer):
    weights = tf.get_variable("weights", shape, initializer=tf.truncated_normal_initializer(stddev=0.1))
    if regularizer != None:
        tf.add_to_collection('losses', regularizer(weights))
    return weights

def inference(input_tensor, regularizer):
    with tf.variable_scope('layer1'):
        weights = get_weight_variable([INPUT_NODE, LAYER1_NODE], regularizer)
        biases = tf.get_variable("biases", [LAYER1_NODE], initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0.0))
        layer1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(input_tensor, weights) + biases)
    with tf.variable_scope('layer2'):
        weights = get_weight_variable([LAYER1_NODE, OUTPUT_NODE], regularizer)
        biases = tf.get_variable("biases", [OUTPUT_NODE], initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0.0))
        layer2 = tf.matmul(layer1, weights)+biases
    return layer2

在上段代码中定义了神经网络的前向传播算法，无论是训练时还是测试时，都可以直接调用inference这个函数，而不用关心具体的神经网络结构。

mnist_train.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import os
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
import mnist_inference

BATCH_SIZE = 100
LEARNING_RATE_BASE = 0.8
LEARNING_RATE_DECAY = 0.99
REGULARAZTION_RATE = 0.0001
TRAINING_STEPS = 30000
MOVING_AVERAGE_DECAY = 0.99
MODEL_SAVE_PATH = "/home/wangruiguang/path/to/model/"
MODEL_NAME = "model.ckpt"

def train(mnist):
    x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, mnist_inference.INPUT_NODE], name='x-input')
    y_ = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None,mnist_inference.OUTPUT_NODE], name='y-input')
    regularizer = tf.contrib.layers.l2_regularizer(REGULARAZTION_RATE)
    y = mnist_inference.inference(x, regularizer)
    global_step = tf.Variable(0, trainable=False)

    variable_averages = tf.train.ExponentialMovingAverage(MOVING_AVERAGE_DECAY, global_step)
    variables_averages_op = variable_averages.apply(tf.trainable_variables())
    cross_entropy = tf.nn.sparse_softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits=y, labels=tf.argmax(y_, 1))
    cross_entropy_mean = tf.reduce_mean(cross_entropy)
    loss = cross_entropy_mean + tf.add_n(tf.get_collection('losses'))
    learning_rate = tf.train.exponential_decay(LEARNING_RATE_BASE, global_step, mnist.train.num_examples / BATCH_SIZE, LEARNING_RATE_DECAY)
    train_step = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(learning_rate).minimize(loss, global_step = global_step)
    with tf.control_dependencies([train_step, variables_averages_op]):
        train_op = tf.no_op(name='train')

    #持久化
    saver = tf.train.Saver()
    with tf.Session() as sess:
        tf.initialize_all_variables().run()
        for i in range(TRAINING_STEPS):
            xs, ys = mnist.train.next_batch(BATCH_SIZE)
            _, loss_value, step = sess.run([train_op, loss, global_step], feed_dict={x: xs, y_: ys})
            if i % 1000 == 0:
                print("After %d training steps, loss on training batch is %g." % (step, loss_value))
                saver.save(sess, os.path.join(MODEL_SAVE_PATH, MODEL_NAME), global_step=global_step)

def main(argv=None):
    mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("/tmp/data", one_hot=True)
    train(mnist)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    tf.app.run()

mnist_eval.py

单独的测试程序

#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import time
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
import mnist_inference
import mnist_train
#每十秒加载一次最新的模型，并在测试数据上测试最新模型的正确率

EVAL_INTERVAL_SECS = 10
def evaluate(mnist):
    with tf.Graph().as_default() as g:
        x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, mnist_inference.INPUT_NODE], name='x-input')
        y_ = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, mnist_inference.OUTPUT_NODE], name='y-input')
        validate_feed = {x : mnist.validation.images, y_:mnist.validation.labels}
        #直接通过调用封装好的函数来计算前向传播的结果。因为测试时不关注正则化损失的值，所以这里用于计算正则化损失的函数被设置为None
        y = mnist_inference.inference(x, None)
        correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(y,1), tf.argmax(y_, 1))
        accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction, tf.float32))
        variable_averages = tf.train.ExponentialMovingAverage(mnist_train.MOVING_AVERAGE_DECAY)
        variables_to_restore = variable_averages.variables_to_restore()
        saver = tf.train.Saver(variables_to_restore)
        while True:
            with tf.Session() as sess:
                ckpt = tf.train.get_checkpoint_state(mnist_train.MODEL_SAVE_PATH)
                if ckpt and ckpt.model_checkpoint_path:
                    saver.restore(sess, ckpt.model_checkpoint_path)
                    global_step = ckpt.model_checkpoint_path.split('/')[-1].split('-')[-1]
                    accuracy_score = sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict = validate_feed)
                    print("After %s training step(s), validation accuracy = %g" % (global_step, accuracy_score))
                else:
                    print('No checkpoint file found')
                    return
                time.sleep(EVAL_INTERVAL_SECS)
def main(argv=None):
    mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("/tmp/data", one_hot=True)
    evaluate(mnist)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    tf.app.run()