Java实现邮件发送
一、邮件服务器与传输协议
要在网络上实现邮件功能,必须要有专门的邮件服务器。这些邮件服务器类似于现实生活中的邮局,它主要负责接收用户投递过来的邮件,并把邮件投递到邮件接收者的电子邮箱中。
SMTP服务器地址:一般是 smtp.xxx.com,比如163邮箱是smtp.163.com,qq邮箱是smtp.qq.com。
SMTP协议
通常把处理用户smtp请求(邮件发送请求)的服务器称之为SMTP服务器(邮件发送服务器)。
POP3协议
通常把处理用户pop3请求(邮件接收请求)的服务器称之为POP3服务器(邮件接收服务器)。
二、Java发送邮件
在这里插入图片描述
使用到的jar包:
mail.jar
activation.jar
QQ邮箱需获取相应的权限:
QQ邮箱–>邮箱设置–>账户–>POP3/IMAP/SMTP/Exchange/CardDAV/CalDAV服务 开启POP3/SMTP服务,然后获取16位授权码(注意不要将授权码泄露,一个账户可以拥有多个授权码)
Java实现纯文本邮件发送
public class SendEmail {
public static void sendRegisterEmail(String username,String code,String email){
try {
//创建一个配置文件并保存
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.setProperty("mail.host", "smtp.qq.com");
properties.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp");
properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
//QQ存在一个特性设置SSL加密
MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory();
sf.setTrustAllHosts(true);
properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable", "true");
properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory", sf);
//创建一个session对象
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, new Authenticator() {
@Override
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
//配置发送人右键的账号和授权码
return new PasswordAuthentication("1070xxxx@qq.com", "邮箱的授权码oubfff");
}
});
//开启debug模式
session.setDebug(true);
//获取连接对象
Transport transport = session.getTransport();
//连接服务器
//配置发送人右键的账号和授权码
transport.connect("smtp.qq.com", "1070xxxx@qq.com", "邮箱的授权码oubfff");
//创建邮件对象
MimeMessage mimeMessage = new MimeMessage(session);
//邮件发送人
mimeMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress("1070xxxx@qq.com"));
//邮件接收人
mimeMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(email));
String content="<a href='http://localhost:8080/baby/activationServlet?username="+username+"&code="+code+"'>点击激活哦</a>";
//邮件标题
mimeMessage.setSubject("注册激活邮件");
//邮件内容
mimeMessage.setContent(content, "text/html;charset=gbk");
//发送邮件
transport.sendMessage(mimeMessage, mimeMessage.getAllRecipients());
//关闭连接
transport.close();
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException("发送注册邮件是失败!");
}
} }
Java实现文本图片附件复杂的邮件发送
MIME(多用途互联网邮件扩展类型)
MimeBodyPart类
javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart类 表示的是一个MIME消息,它和MimeMessage类一样都是从Part接口继承过来。
MimeMultipart类
javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart是抽象类 Multipart的实现子类,它用来组合多个MIME消息。一个MimeMultipart对象可以包含多个代表MIME消息的MimeBodyPart对象
public class SendComplexEmail {
public static void main(String[] args) throws GeneralSecurityException, MessagingException {
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.setProperty("mail.host", "smtp.qq.com"); 设置QQ邮件服务器
prop.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp"); // 邮件发送协议
prop.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true"); // 需要验证用户名密码
// QQ邮箱设置SSL加密
MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory();
sf.setTrustAllHosts(true);
prop.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable", "true");
prop.put("mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory", sf);
//1、创建定义整个应用程序所需的环境信息的 Session 对象
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(prop, new Authenticator() {
@Override
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
//传入发件人的姓名和授权码
return new PasswordAuthentication("61904@qq.com","16位授权码");
}
});
//2、通过session获取transport对象
Transport transport = session.getTransport();
//3、通过transport对象邮箱用户名和授权码连接邮箱服务器
transport.connect("smtp.qq.com","61904@qq.com","16位授权码");
//4、创建邮件,传入session对象
MimeMessage mimeMessage = complexEmail(session);
//5、发送邮件
transport.sendMessage(mimeMessage,mimeMessage.getAllRecipients());
//6、关闭连接
transport.close();
}
public static MimeMessage complexEmail(Session session) throws MessagingException {
//消息的固定信息
MimeMessage mimeMessage = new MimeMessage(session);
//发件人
mimeMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress("619017@qq.com"));
//收件人
mimeMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,new InternetAddress("619017@qq.com"));
//邮件标题
mimeMessage.setSubject("带图片和附件的邮件");
//邮件内容
//准备图片数据
MimeBodyPart image = new MimeBodyPart();
DataHandler handler = new DataHandler(new FileDataSource("E:\\IdeaProjects\\WebEmail\\resources\\测试图片.png"));
image.setDataHandler(handler);
image.setContentID("test.png"); //设置图片id
//准备文本
MimeBodyPart text = new MimeBodyPart();
text.setContent("这是一段文本<img src='cid:test.png'>","text/html;charset=utf-8");
//附件
MimeBodyPart appendix = new MimeBodyPart();
appendix.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(new FileDataSource("E:\\IdeaProjects\\WebEmail\\resources\\测试文件.txt")));
appendix.setFileName("test.txt");
//拼装邮件正文
MimeMultipart mimeMultipart = new MimeMultipart();
mimeMultipart.addBodyPart(image);
mimeMultipart.addBodyPart(text);
mimeMultipart.setSubType("related");//文本和图片内嵌成功
//将拼装好的正文内容设置为主体
MimeBodyPart contentText = new MimeBodyPart();
contentText.setContent(mimeMultipart);
//拼接附件
MimeMultipart allFile = new MimeMultipart();
allFile.addBodyPart(appendix);//附件
allFile.addBodyPart(contentText);//正文
allFile.setSubType("mixed"); //正文和附件都存在邮件中,所有类型设置为mixed
//放到Message消息中
mimeMessage.setContent(allFile);
mimeMessage.saveChanges();//保存修改
return mimeMessage;
} }
JavaWeb发送邮件(网站注册成功发送提示邮件)
JavaWeb发送邮件(网站注册成功发送提示邮件)
在数据库和pojo里面定义一个 mail 和 status来表示激活状态
1.User
public class User {
private Long id;
private String username;
private String password;
private String salt;
private String email;
private Date last_login_time;
private Date created;
private Integer status;
private String code;
2.dao…
3.service
public interface UserService {
/**
* 登录
* @param username
* @param password
* @return
*/
public User login(String username,String password)throws CustomerException;
/**
* 注册
* @param user
*/
public void register(User user)throws CustomerException;
/**
* 激活账户
* @param username
* @param code
* @return
*/
public void activation(String username,String code) throws CustomerException;
}
注册逻辑service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
private UserDao userDao = new UserDaoImpl();
@Override
public void register(User user) throws CustomerException {
// 1.判空
if (user == null) {
throw new CustomerException("用户数据为空!");
}
if (user.getUsername() == null || user.getUsername().trim().equals("")) {
throw new CustomerException("用户名为空!");
}
// 密码 邮箱
// 2.判断用户名是否使用
if (userDao.findUserByUsername(user.getUsername()) != null) {
throw new CustomerException("用户名已经使用!");
}
// 3.判断邮箱是否使用
if (userDao.findUserByEmail(user.getEmail()) != null) {
throw new CustomerException("邮箱已经使用!");
}
//4.获取盐
String salt = Md5Utils.createSalt();
//5.密码加密
String md5Password = Md5Utils.md5Password(user.getPassword(), salt);
//6.存储盐和加密后的密码
user.setSalt(salt);
user.setPassword(md5Password);
user.setCreated(new Date());
user.setLast_login_time(new Date());
user.setStatus(0);//未激活
//生成激活码
StringBuilder sb=new StringBuilder();
for(int i=0;i<6;i++){
sb.append(new Random().nextInt(10));
}
String code=sb.toString();
user.setCode(code);
userDao.insertUser(user);
//发送注册邮件
SendEmail.sendRegisterEmail(user.getUsername(),code,user.getEmail());
}
@Override
public void activation(String username, String code) throws CustomerException {
User user = userDao.findUserByUsername(username);
if(user==null){
throw new CustomerException("没有账户信息!");
}
if(user.getStatus()==1){
throw new CustomerException("账户之前已经激活,不需要重复激活!");
}
if(!user.getCode().equals(code)){
throw new CustomerException("激活码错误!");
}
//修改账户状态
userDao.updateStatus(user.getId(),1);
}
@Override
public User login(String username, String password) throws CustomerException {
//1.判断空
if(username==null||username.trim().equals("")) {
throw new CustomerException("用户名不能为空!");
}
if(password==null||password.trim().equals("")) {
throw new CustomerException("密码不能为空!");
}
//2.获取用户的盐
User user = userDao.findUserByUsername(username);
if(user==null) {
throw new CustomerException("用户名或密码错误!");
}
if(user.getStatus()==0){
throw new CustomerException("账号未激活!");
}
String salt = user.getSalt();
//3.加密
String md5Password = Md5Utils.md5Password(password, salt);
//4.对比
if(!user.getPassword().equals(md5Password)) {
//密码错误
throw new CustomerException("用户名或密码错误!");
}
//更新登录的时间
user.setLast_login_time(new Date());
//TODO 修改登录时间
//5.返回用户信息
return user;
}
}
2.Servlet
@WebServlet(name = "/activationServlet",value = "/activationServlet")
public class ActivationServlet extends HttpServlet {
private UserService userService=new UserServiceImpl();
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
String username=req.getParameter("username");
String code=req.getParameter("code");
try {
userService.activation(username,code);
resp.getWriter().write("激活成功!");
} catch (CustomerException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
resp.getWriter().write("激活失败!");
}
}
}
3.SengMail
public class SendEmail {
public static void sendRegisterEmail(String username,String code,String email){
try {
//创建一个配置文件并保存
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.setProperty("mail.host", "smtp.qq.com");
properties.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp");
properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
//QQ存在一个特性设置SSL加密
MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory();
sf.setTrustAllHosts(true);
properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable", "true");
properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory", sf);
//创建一个session对象
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, new Authenticator() {
@Override
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
//配置发送人右键的账号和授权码
return new PasswordAuthentication("1070428xxxx@qq.com", "xxxxxnoubfff");
}
});
//开启debug模式
session.setDebug(true);
//获取连接对象
Transport transport = session.getTransport();
//连接服务器
//配置发送人右键的账号和授权码
transport.connect("smtp.qq.com", "107042xxx@qq.com", "xxxxxndfnoubfff");
//创建邮件对象
MimeMessage mimeMessage = new MimeMessage(session);
//邮件发送人
mimeMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress("1070xxxx@qq.com"));
//邮件接收人
mimeMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(email));
String content="<a href='http://localhost:8080/baby/activationServlet?username="+username+"&code="+code+"'>点击激活哦</a>";
//邮件标题
mimeMessage.setSubject("注册激活邮件");
//邮件内容
mimeMessage.setContent(content, "text/html;charset=gbk");
//发送邮件
transport.sendMessage(mimeMessage, mimeMessage.getAllRecipients());
//关闭连接
transport.close();
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException("发送注册邮件是失败!");
}
}
}