为什么要使用线程池?
为了减少创建和销毁线程的次数,让每个线程可以多次使用,可根据系统情况调整执行的线程数量,防止消耗过多内存,所以我们可以使用线程池.
Java通过Executors提供四种线程池,分别为:
newCachedThreadPool创建一个可缓存线程池,如果线程池长度超过处理需要,可灵活回收空闲线程,若无可回收,则新建线程。
newFixedThreadPool 创建一个定长线程池,可控制线程最大并发数,超出的线程会在队列中等待。
newScheduledThreadPool 创建一个定长线程池,支持定时及周期性任务执行。
newSingleThreadExecutor 创建一个单线程化的线程池,它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务,保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。
(1) newCachedThreadPool
创建一个可缓存线程池,如果线线程池大小超过了处理任务所需的线程,那么就会回收部分空闲(一般是60秒无执行)的线程,若无可回收,则新建线程。示例代码如下:
Java代码
- package test;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
- for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
- final int index = i;
- try {
- Thread.sleep(index * 1000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- cachedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- System.out.println(index);
- }
- });
- }
- }
- }
线程池为无限大,当执行第二个任务时第一个任务已经完成,会复用执行第一个任务的线程,而不用每次新建线程。
(2) newFixedThreadPool
创建一个定长线程池,可控制线程最大并发数,超出的线程会在队列中等待。示例代码如下:
Java代码
- package test;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
- for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
- final int index = i;
- fixedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- try {
- System.out.println(index);
- Thread.sleep(2000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- }
- }
- }
因为线程池大小为3,每个任务输出index后sleep 2秒,所以每两秒打印3个数字。
定长线程池的大小最好根据系统资源进行设置。如Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()
(3) newScheduledThreadPool
创建一个定长线程池,支持定时及周期性任务执行。延迟执行示例代码如下:
Java代码
- package test;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
- public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
- scheduledThreadPool.schedule(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- System.out.println("delay 3 seconds");
- }
- }, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
- }
- }
表示延迟3秒执行。
定期执行示例代码如下:
Java代码
- package test;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
- public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
- scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- System.out.println("delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds");
- }
- }, 1, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
- }
- }
表示延迟1秒后每3秒执行一次。
(4) newSingleThreadExecutor
创建一个单线程化的线程池,它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务,保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。示例代码如下:
Java代码
- package test;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
- for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
- final int index = i;
- singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- try {
- System.out.println(index);
- Thread.sleep(2000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- }
- }
- }
结果依次输出,相当于顺序执行各个任务。
ExcutorService中的excutor和submit方法的区别
两者都是将一个线程任务添加到线程池中并执行;
1、excutor没有返回值,submit有返回值,并且返回执行结果Future对象
2、excutor不能提交Callable任务,只能提交Runnable任务,submit两者任务都可以提交
3、在submit中提交Runnable任务,会返回执行结果Future对象,但是Future调用get方法将返回null(Runnable没有返回值)
使用场景:
使用多线程任务校验被保人数据;
1、每个被保人都是一个线程任务,
2、每个线程任务执行完都需要告诉主线程执行成功还是失败
3、这里需要submit提交Callable任务返回Future对象,并通过Future.get方法来获取执行结果
本地代码示例:
1.传统spring项目:
调用接口:
public class HmoPushOrderServiceImpl implements HmoPushOrderService {
@Override
public ResponseDTO<Boolean> pushHmoUserToPingAn() {
ResponseDTO<Boolean> res = new ResponseDTO<Boolean>();
ExecutorService threadPool = PingAnUserActivateTaskThreadPool.getInstance().getThreadPool();
threadPool.submit(new PingAnActivateThreadTask());
res.setResult(ResponseCode.SUCCESS, "触发成功", Boolean.TRUE);
return res;
}
异步线程池创建类:
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class PingAnUserActivateTaskThreadPool {
// 最大线程数
private static final int MAX_QUEUE_SIZE = 5;
private static ExecutorService exc = null;
private static volatile PingAnUserActivateTaskThreadPool instance = null;
private PingAnUserActivateTaskThreadPool() {
exc = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(MAX_QUEUE_SIZE);
}
/**
*
* @return
*/
public static PingAnUserActivateTaskThreadPool getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
synchronized (PingAnUserActivateTaskThreadPool.class) {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new PingAnUserActivateTaskThreadPool();
}
}
}
return instance;
}
public ExecutorService getThreadPool() {
return exc;
}
}
任务执行类:
public class PingAnActivateThreadTask implements Runnable {
public PingAnActivateThreadTask() {
hmoPushOrderManager = SpringContextUtil.getBean("hmoPushOrderManager");
msgSender = SpringContextUtil.getBean("msgSender");
configUtils = SpringContextUtil.getBean("configUtils");
apiUserBindManager = SpringContextUtil.getBean("apiUserBindManager");
}
@Override
public void run() {
...
}
}
2.spring-boot项目:
业务Controller:
@RestController
@RequestMapping("hfxyk/")
public class HfxykDataController {
@Resource
private ExecutorService taskExecutor;
taskExecutor.submit(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
...
}
}
}
线程池配置公用类:
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@Configuration
public class ThreadPoolConfig {
/**
* 公共业务线程池
*
* @return
*/
@Bean(name = "taskExecutor")
public ExecutorService executorService() {
ThreadFactory namedThreadFactory = new ThreadFactoryBuilder().setNameFormat("executor-hfxyk-pool-%d").build();
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 8, 1000, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(20), namedThreadFactory, new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy());
}
}
注意:DiscardPolicy策略:对拒绝任务直接无声抛弃,没有异常信息。
你可以使用JDK自带的监控工具来监控我们创建的线程数量,运行一个不终止的线程,创建指定量的线程,来观察:
工具目录:C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_06\bin\jconsole.exe
运行程序做稍微修改:
Java代码
- package test;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
- for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
- final int index = i;
- singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- try {
- while(true) {
- System.out.println(index);
- Thread.sleep(10 * 1000);
- }
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- try {
- Thread.sleep(500);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }
效果如下:
选择我们运行的程序:
监控运行状态