Cause: java.sql.SQLException: Unsupported character encoding ‘utf-8 ‘.

错误

org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.PersistenceException: 
Error querying database.  Cause: java.sql.SQLException: Unsupported character encoding 'utf-8 '.
The error may exist in com/sks/dao/UserDao.xml
The error may involve com.sks.dao.UserDao.findByUserId
The error occurred while executing a query
 Cause: java.sql.SQLException: Unsupported character encoding 'utf-8 '.
	at org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.wrapException(ExceptionFactory.java:30)
	at org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession.selectList(DefaultSqlSession.java:150)
	at org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession.selectList(DefaultSqlSession.java:141)
	at org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession.selectOne(DefaultSqlSession.java:77)
	at org.apache.ibatis.binding.MapperMethod.execute(MapperMethod.java:83)
	at org.apache.ibatis.binding.MapperProxy.invoke(MapperProxy.java:59)
	at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy3.findByUserId(Unknown Source)
	at com.sks.test.UserDaoTest.test1(UserDaoTest.java:32)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:45)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:42)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:263)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:68)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:47)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:89)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:41)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:541)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:763)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:463)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:209)
Caused by: java.sql.SQLException: Unsupported character encoding 'utf-8 '.
	at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:1073)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:987)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:982)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:927)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.StringUtils.getBytes(StringUtils.java:572)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.StringUtils.getBytes(StringUtils.java:716)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.Buffer.writeStringNoNull(Buffer.java:664)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sqlQueryDirect(MysqlIO.java:2095)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2619)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2569)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.executeQuery(StatementImpl.java:1521)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.loadServerVariables(ConnectionImpl.java:3865)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.initializePropsFromServer(ConnectionImpl.java:3404)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.connectOneTryOnly(ConnectionImpl.java:2385)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createNewIO(ConnectionImpl.java:2154)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.<init>(ConnectionImpl.java:792)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection.<init>(JDBC4Connection.java:47)
	at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
	at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:411)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.getInstance(ConnectionImpl.java:381)
	at com.mysql.jdbc.NonRegisteringDriver.connect(NonRegisteringDriver.java:305)
	at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(Unknown Source)
	at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(Unknown Source)
	at org.apache.ibatis.datasource.unpooled.UnpooledDataSource.doGetConnection(UnpooledDataSource.java:201)
	at org.apache.ibatis.datasource.unpooled.UnpooledDataSource.doGetConnection(UnpooledDataSource.java:196)
	at org.apache.ibatis.datasource.unpooled.UnpooledDataSource.getConnection(UnpooledDataSource.java:93)
	at org.apache.ibatis.datasource.pooled.PooledDataSource.popConnection(PooledDataSource.java:404)
	at org.apache.ibatis.datasource.pooled.PooledDataSource.getConnection(PooledDataSource.java:90)
	at org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction.openConnection(JdbcTransaction.java:139)
	at org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction.getConnection(JdbcTransaction.java:61)
	at org.apache.ibatis.executor.BaseExecutor.getConnection(BaseExecutor.java:338)
	at org.apache.ibatis.executor.SimpleExecutor.prepareStatement(SimpleExecutor.java:84)
	at org.apache.ibatis.executor.SimpleExecutor.doQuery(SimpleExecutor.java:62)
	at org.apache.ibatis.executor.BaseExecutor.queryFromDatabase(BaseExecutor.java:326)
	at org.apache.ibatis.executor.BaseExecutor.query(BaseExecutor.java:156)
	at org.apache.ibatis.executor.CachingExecutor.query(CachingExecutor.java:109)
	at org.apache.ibatis.executor.CachingExecutor.query(CachingExecutor.java:83)
	at org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession.selectList(DefaultSqlSession.java:148)
	... 29 more

解决方法

可能是数据库连接url写错了，正确的写法是下面这样，我是因为UTF写成小写出现了这个问题。

url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8