Android学习之网络操作

网络操作

Android平台下的原生网络操作可以分为以下几步：

1. 创建URL对象；
2. 通过URL对象获取HttpURLConnection对象；
3. 通过HttpURLConnection对象设置请求头键值对、网络连接超时时间等；
4. 通过HttpURLConnection对象的connect()方法建立网络连接；
5. 通过响应码判断请求是否成功，如果成功的话获取输入流，对返回的结果进行处理并显示；
   这里要注意的是，网络请求操作不能直接放在ui线程中，需要另外开启一个线程去处理网络请求，因为网络请求操作是一个耗时的操作。

布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
      android:id="@+id/btn_sendget"
      android:layout_width="match_parent"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      android:text="点击发送get请求"/>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_sendpost"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="点击发送post请求"/>


    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:scrollbars="vertical"
        android:fadeScrollbars="false"/>


</LinearLayout>

GET请求

这里说一下用到的方法的作用：
setConnectTimeout：设置请求超时时间；
setRequestMethod：设置请求方法；
setRequestProperty：设置请求属性；
connect()：建立网络连接；
getResponseCode()：获取响应码；

 try {
                    new Thread(new Runnable() {
                        @Override
                        public void run() {
                            try {

                                URL url = new URL("http://www.imooc.com/api/teacher?type=2&page=1");
                                HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();

                                connection.setConnectTimeout(30*1000);

                                connection.setRequestMethod("GET");

                                connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","application/json");
                                connection.setRequestProperty("Charset","UTF-8");
                                connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset","UTF-8");

                                connection.connect();

                                int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();

                                //如果请求成功
                                if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
                                    //获取输入流
                                    InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();

                                    byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];

                                    StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
                                    int len = 0;
                                    while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
                                        result.append(new String(bytes,0,len));
                                    }

                                    //不能直接在其它线程更新ui线程，可以使用此方法或者使用handler
                                    runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                                        @Override
                                        public void run() {
                                            tv.setText(result);
                                        }
                                    });
                                    Log.d(TAG, "onClick: " + result);
                                }
                            }catch (Exception e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        }
                    }).start();

                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

POST请求

 new Thread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        try {
                            URL url = new URL("http://www.imooc.com/api/teacher?type=2&page=1");
                            HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

                            connection.setConnectTimeout(30 * 1000);

                            connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","application/json");
                            connection.setRequestProperty("Charset","UTF-8");
                            connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset","UTF-8");

                            connection.connect();
                            int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();

                            if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
                                InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
                                int  len = 0;
                                byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
                                StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
                                while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
                                    result.append(new String(bytes,0,len));
                                }
                                Log.d(TAG, "responseCode: " + responseCode);
                                Log.d(TAG, "result: " + result);
                                runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                                    @Override
                                    public void run() {
                                        tv.setText(result);
                                    }
                                });
                            } else {
                                Log.d(TAG, "responseCode: " + responseCode);
                            }


                        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }).start();

解析返回的json数据

 public List<Lesson> JsonToArray(String str) {
        List<Lesson> lessonList = new ArrayList<>();

        try {
            JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(str);
            JSONArray jsonArray = jsonObject.getJSONArray("data");
            for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.length(); i++) {
                JSONObject lesson = (JSONObject) jsonArray.get(i);
                int id = lesson.getInt("id");
                int learner = lesson.getInt("learner");
                String name = lesson.getString("name");
                String picSmall = lesson.getString("picSmall");
                String picBig = lesson.getString("picBig");
                String description = lesson.getString("description");

                Lesson lesson1 = new Lesson();
                lesson1.setId(id);
                lesson1.setDescription(description);
                lesson1.setLearner(learner);
                lesson1.setPicBig(picBig);
                lesson1.setPicSmall(picSmall);
                lesson1.setName(name);

                lessonList.add(lesson1);

            }
        } catch (JSONException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        return lessonList;
    }

注意事项

Android9.0以后，使用http访问网络需要添加配置文件；首先在res目录下新建一个xml资源目录，然后创建配置文件，配置文件的名称必须是neteork_security_config.xml；
内容：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
    <!--允许http请求的加载-->
    <base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted = "true"/>
</network-security-config>