HttpServletRequest 请求消息数据
request对象和response对象的原理
1.request和response对象是由服务器创建的。我们来使用它们
2.request对象是来获取请求消息,response对象是来设置响应消息
request对象继承体系结构
ServletRequest – 接口
| 继承
HttpServletRequest – 接口
| 实现
org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade 类(tomcat)
request功能:
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获取请求行数据
方法:
- 获取请求方式 :GET
- String getMethod()
- (*)获取虚拟目录:/day14
- String getContextPath()
- 获取Servlet路径: /demo1
- String getServletPath()
- 获取get方式请求参数:name=zhangsan
- String getQueryString()
- (*)获取请求URI:/day14/demo1
- String getRequestURI(): /day14/demo1
- StringBuffer getRequestURL() :http://localhost/demo1
- URL:统一资源定位符 : http://localhost/demo1 中华人民共和国
- URI:统一资源标识符 : /day14/demo1 共和国
- 获取客户机的IP地址
- String getRemoteAddr()
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //1. 获取请求方式 :GET String method = request.getMethod(); //2.获取虚拟目录 String contextPath = request.getContextPath(); //获取Servlet路径 String servletPath = request.getServletPath(); //获取get方式请求参数 String queryString = request.getQueryString(); //获取请求URI String requestURI = request.getRequestURI(); StringBuffer requestURL = request.getRequestURL(); //打印 System.out.println(method); System.out.println(contextPath); System.out.println(servletPath); System.out.println(queryString); System.out.println(requestURI); System.out.println(requestURL); }
- 获取请求方式 :GET
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获取请求头数据
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方法:
(*)String getHeader(String name):通过请求头的名称获取请求头的值
Enumeration getHeaderNames():获取所有的请求头名称
//演示获取请求头数据 user-agent 作用判断使用什么样子的浏览器等 String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent"); System.out.println(agent); //判断 java在contains()方法是判断字符串中是否有子字符串 if (agent.contains("Chrome")){ System.out.println("谷歌来了"); }else if (agent.contains("Firefox")){ System.out.println("火狐来了"); }
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获取请求体数据
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请求体:只有POST请求方式,才有请求体,在请求体中封装了POST请求的请求参数
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步骤:
- 获取流对象
- BufferedReader getReader():获取字符输入流,只能操作字符数据
- ServletInputStream getInputStream():获取字节输入流,可以操作所有类型数据(在文件上传知识点后讲解)
- 再从流对象中拿数据
//获取请求体数据 BufferedReader reader = request.getReader(); //读取数据 String line = null; while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null){ System.out.println(line); }
4.获取请求参数通用方式:不论get还是post请求方式都可以使用下列方法来获取请求参数
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String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值 username=zs&password=123
- String[] getParameterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组
- Enumeration getParameterNames():获取所有请求的参数名称
- Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap():获取所有参数的map集合
public class RequestDemo4 extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //根据参数名称获取参数名****重点 String username = request.getParameter("username"); System.out.println(username); System.out.println("post"); //根据参数名称获取参数值的数组 String[] hobbies = request.getParameterValues("hobby"); for (String hobby:hobbies){ System.out.println(hobby); //System.out.println(hobbies.); } //获取所有请求的参数名称 Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request.getParameterNames(); while (parameterNames.hasMoreElements()){ String name = parameterNames.nextElement(); System.out.println(name); //String[] parameterValues = request.getParameterValues(name); String vale = request.getParameter(name); System.out.println(vale); System.out.println("*************"); } //获取所有参数的map集合/*****重点 Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap(); //遍历 Set<String> keySet = parameterMap.keySet(); for (String name:keySet){ //获取建获取值 String[] values = parameterMap.get(name); System.out.println(name); for (String value:values){ System.out.println(value); } System.out.println("***********"); } }
- 获取流对象
-
中文乱码
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get方式:tomcat 8 已经将get方式乱码问题解决了
-
post方式:会乱码
解决:在获取参数前,设置request的编码request.setCharacterEncoding(“utf-8”);
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //设置流 request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); //获取请求参数username String username = request.getParameter("username"); System.out.println(username); }
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请求转发:一种在服务器内部的资源跳转方式
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步骤:
- 通过request对象获取请求转发器对象:RequestDispatcher
getRequestDispatcher(String path) - 使用RequestDispatcher对象来进行转发:forward(ServletRequest request,
ServletResponse response)
- 通过request对象获取请求转发器对象:RequestDispatcher
-
特点:
- 浏览器地址栏路径不发生变化。
- 只能转发到当前服务器内部资源中。
- 转发是一次请求。
@WebServlet("/RequestDemo6") RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/RequestDemo7"); requestDispatcher.forward(request,response); @WebServlet("/RequestDemo7") System.out.println("demo7被转发了");
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共享数据
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域对象:一个有作用范围的对象,可以在范围内共享数据
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request域:代表一次请求的范围,一般用于请求转发的多个资源中共享数据
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方法:
- void setAttribute(String name,Object obj):存储数据
- Object getAttitude(String name):通过键获取值
- void removeAttribute(String name):通过键移除键值对
public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { System.out.println("demo6被转发了"); //转发到demo7 //RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/RequestDemo7"); //requestDispatcher.forward(request,response); //存储数据到request域中 request.setAttribute("msg","hello"); //转发 //request.getRequestDispatcher("/RequestDemo7").forward(request,response); } public class RequestDemo7 extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { System.out.println("demo7被转发了"); Object msg = request.getAttribute("msg"); System.out.println(msg); }
- 获取ServletContext
-
ServletContext getServletContext()
public class RequestDemo8 extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { ServletContext servletContext = request.getServletContext(); System.out.println(servletContext); //org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContextFacade@4375fd2 }
代码:E:\Java\wang\javaweb学习\servlet_request