docker 多阶段构建

多阶段构建优点

1. 只生成最后一阶段镜像，不生成中间镜像

2. 后阶段可以使用前阶段生成的文件，从而构建最小化镜像

3. 构建可以镜像时，可以指定构建特定阶段，不执行全部构建内容。日常使用第一阶段构建程序或运行程序，稳定时执行全部，构建出需要的镜像。

后阶段可以使用前阶段生成的文件：使用方法

第一阶段中《FROM golang:1.21 as build》 别名设定为 build

第二阶段中《COPY --from=build /bin/hello /bin/hello》使用--from=build 时，会调用第一阶段生成文件进行引用。不使用则引用不到。

准备测试文件

建立测试文件

#建立测试文件
cat > ./main.go <<EOF 
package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
  fmt.Println("hello, world")
}
EOF

建立Dockerfile文件

# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
FROM golang:1.21 as build
WORKDIR /src
COPY ./main.go ./
RUN go build -o /bin/hello ./main.go

FROM scratch
COPY --from=build /bin/hello /bin/hello
CMD ["/bin/hello"]

使用命名多阶段构建

运行命令

docker build -t hello .

执行结果如下

user@tesla-t4:~/docker-multi$ docker build -t hello .

DEPRECATED: The legacy builder is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
            Install the buildx component to build images with BuildKit:
            https://docs.docker.com/go/buildx/

Sending build context to Docker daemon  3.072kB
Step 1/7 : FROM golang:1.21 as build
 ---> 9c541743933a
Step 2/7 : WORKDIR /src
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 9dcfcbaf87ab
Step 3/7 : COPY ./main.go ./
 ---> 0203b496f714
Step 4/7 : RUN go build -o /bin/hello ./main.go
 ---> Running in 4b312410cc7d
Removing intermediate container 4b312410cc7d
 ---> e6bedc995657
Step 5/7 : FROM scratch
 ---> 
Step 6/7 : COPY --from=build /bin/hello /bin/hello
 ---> a74952fc7368
Step 7/7 : CMD ["/bin/hello"]
 ---> Running in 653537b32292
Removing intermediate container 653537b32292
 ---> 605a275a494c
Successfully built 605a275a494c
Successfully tagged hello:latest

在特定的生成阶段停止

运行命令

docker build --target build -t hello .

 执行结果如下

user@tesla-t4:~/docker-multi$ docker build --target build -t hello .

DEPRECATED: The legacy builder is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
            Install the buildx component to build images with BuildKit:
            https://docs.docker.com/go/buildx/

Sending build context to Docker daemon  3.072kB
Step 1/4 : FROM golang:1.21 as build
 ---> 9c541743933a
Step 2/4 : WORKDIR /src
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 9dcfcbaf87ab
Step 3/4 : COPY ./main.go ./
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 0203b496f714
Step 4/4 : RUN go build -o /bin/hello ./main.go
 ---> Using cache
 ---> e6bedc995657
Successfully built e6bedc995657
Successfully tagged hello:latest

 

使用外部图像作为构建

COPY --from=nginx:latest /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /nginx.conf