title: “Spring Cloud学习笔记2-服务消费者(rest+ribbon)”
url: “https://wsk1103.github.io/”
tags:
- Spring Cloud
- 学习笔记
备注:
官网:http://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud
总纲:https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/Finchley.SR2/single/spring-cloud.html
JAVA: 1.8 +
MAVEN: 3.5.0 +
Spring Boot:2.0.7.RELEASE
Spring Cloud:Finchley
说明:Ribbon is a client-side load balancer that gives you a lot of control over the behavior of HTTP and TCP clients. Feign already uses Ribbon, so, if you use @FeignClient, this section also applies.
A central concept in Ribbon is that of the named client. Each load balancer is part of an ensemble of components that work together to contact a remote server on demand, and the ensemble has a name that you give it as an application developer (for example, by using the @FeignClient annotation). On demand, Spring Cloud creates a new ensemble as an ApplicationContext for each named client by using RibbonClientConfiguration. This contains (amongst other things) an ILoadBalancer, a RestClient, and a ServerListFilter.
Ribbon是一个客户端负载均衡器,可以让您对HTTP和TCP客户端的行为进行大量控制。Feign已使用Ribbon,因此,如果您使用@FeignClient,此部分也适用。
Ribbon中的一个核心概念是指定客户端的概念。每个负载均衡器都是一组组件的一部分,这些组件一起工作以按需联系远程服务器,并且该集合具有您作为应用程序开发人员提供的名称(例如,通过使用@FeignClient批注)。根据需要,Spring Cloud通过使用RibbonClientConfiguration为每个命名客户端创建一个新的集合作为ApplicationContext。这包含(除其他外)ILoadBalancer,RestClient和ServerListFilter。(谷歌翻译)
本项目地址:https://github.com/wsk1103/my-spring-cloud
在开发过程中,基本上都会根据业务进行相应的拆分成为多个微服务。服务之间的通讯是基于http restful。Spring cloud有两种服务调用方式,一种是ribbon+restTemplate,另一种是feign(集成了ribbon+restTemplate)。
新增一个服务client2,用于模拟负载均衡。
copy学习笔记1中的client,重新命名为client2,并且将端口修改8763。依次启动server,client,client2这3个服务。
可以在注册中心看到这2个服务已经注册了。
搭建Ribbon服务:ribbon
搭建方法同学习笔记1中新建module
1. 修改pom文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.wsk</groupId>
<artifactId>ribbon</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>service-ribbon</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>my-spring-cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>MySpringCloud</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<properties>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2. 重命名application.properties为application.yml
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
port: 8764
spring:
application:
name: service-ribbon
3. 修改ServiceRibbonApplication
需要在ServiceRibbonApplication类上新增注解 @EnableEurekaClient
和
@EnableDiscoveryClient
package com.wsk.ribbon;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
//允许发现服务客户端
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ServiceRibbonApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ServiceRibbonApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
4. 新建包service -> 新建类HelloService
该类需要增加注解 @Service
package com.wsk.ribbon.service;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
/**
* @author WuShukai
* @version V1.0
* @description
* @date 2018/11/23 10:46
*/
@Service
public class HelloService {
@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;
public String hiService(String name) {
//微服务调用
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://SERVICE-CLIENT/hi?name="+name,String.class);
}
}
5. 新建包controller -> 新建类HiController
访问该类中的方法的时候,该类会自动根据负载均衡的规则轮训注册中心的SERVICE-CLIENT。
package com.wsk.ribbon.controller;
import com.wsk.ribbon.service.HelloService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
* @author WuShukai
* @version V1.0
* @description
* @date 2018/11/23 10:47
*/
@RestController
public class HiController {
@Autowired
private HelloService helloService;
@GetMapping(value = "/hi")
public String hi(@RequestParam String name) {
return helloService.hiService( name );
}
}
6. 启动ServiceRibbonApplication,多次访问http://localhost:8764/hi?name=sky
浏览器会交通显示:
hi sky,i am from port:8762
hi sky,i am from port:8763