一个操作系统的实现（8）进程间通信

主要内容

实现进程间的通信

一

Linux的系统调用与Minix的系统调用不同，以点见面可以了解一些宏内核与微内核的区别。
Linux的fork函数通过调用中断0x80，通过IDT转化为_system_call，最终通过一个函数指针数组转化为调用_sys_fork实现
Minix的调用中只有接收消息和发送消息的系统调用，总共有三种SEND,RECEIVE,BOTH。
Minix的fork函数实现需要一个内存管理器（MM)，负责fork所要做的工作
对fork的调用先转化为内核态函数sys_call，sys_call将消息传递给MM，MM获得
消息后得知消息的内容是进行fork操作，就进一步调用do_fork完成。
其他系统调用也无外乎通过syscall转化为发送消息，相应的进程接收消息并处理。

二

进程间发送消息又被称为进程间通信（IPC)，IPC又可分为同步和异步。
模仿Minix的IPC机制，新建系统调用sendrec来模拟sys_call

sendrec:
	mov	eax, _NR_sendrec
	mov	ebx, [esp + 4]	; function
	mov	ecx, [esp + 8]	; src_dest
	mov	edx, [esp + 12]	; p_msg
	int	INT_VECTOR_SYS_CALL
	ret

对应的sys_sendrec
将SEND消息交给msg_send处理
将RECEIVE消息交给msg_receive处理

PUBLIC int sys_sendrec(int function, int src_dest, MESSAGE* m, struct proc* p)
{
	assert(k_reenter == 0);	/* make sure we are not in ring0 */
	assert((src_dest >= 0 && src_dest < NR_TASKS + NR_PROCS) ||
	       src_dest == ANY ||
	       src_dest == INTERRUPT);

	int ret = 0;
	int caller = proc2pid(p);
	MESSAGE* mla = (MESSAGE*)va2la(caller, m);
	mla->source = caller;

	assert(mla->source != src_dest);

	/**
	 * Actually we have the third message type: BOTH. However, it is not
	 * allowed to be passed to the kernel directly. Kernel doesn't know
	 * it at all. It is transformed into a SEND followed by a RECEIVE
	 * by `send_recv()'.
	 */
	if (function == SEND) {
		ret = msg_send(p, src_dest, m);
		if (ret != 0)
			return ret;
	}
	else if (function == RECEIVE) {
		ret = msg_receive(p, src_dest, m);
		if (ret != 0)
			return ret;
	}
	else {
		panic("{sys_sendrec} invalid function: "
		      "%d (SEND:%d, RECEIVE:%d).", function, SEND, RECEIVE);
	}

	return 0;
}

msg_send和msg_receive函数

/*****************************************************************************
 *				  ldt_seg_linear
 *****************************************************************************/
/**
 * <Ring 0~1> Calculate the linear address of a certain segment of a given
 * proc.
 * 
 * @param p   Whose (the proc ptr).
 * @param idx Which (one proc has more than one segments).
 * 
 * @return  The required linear address.
 *****************************************************************************/
PUBLIC int ldt_seg_linear(struct proc* p, int idx)
{
	struct descriptor * d = &p->ldts[idx];

	return d->base_high << 24 | d->base_mid << 16 | d->base_low;
}

/****************************